Koolen Ruud, Krahmer Emiel, Swerts Marc
Tilburg Center for Cognition and Communication, Tilburg University Tilburg, Netherlands.
Front Psychol. 2016 Dec 5;7:1900. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01900. eCollection 2016.
This paper investigates developmental changes in children's processing of redundant information in definite object descriptions. In two experiments, children of two age groups (6 or 7, and 9 or 10 years old) were presented with pictures of sweets. In the first experiment (pairwise comparison), two identical sweets were shown, and one of these was described with a redundant modifier. After the description, the children had to indicate the sweet they preferred most in a forced-choice task. In the second experiment (graded rating), only one sweet was shown, which was described with a redundant color modifier in half of the cases (e.g., "the blue sweet") and in the other half of the cases simply as "the sweet." This time, the children were asked to indicate on a 5-point rating scale to what extent they liked the sweets. In both experiments, the results showed that the younger children had a preference for the sweets described with redundant information, while redundant information did not have an effect on the preferences for the older children. These results imply that children are learning to distinguish between situations in which redundant information carries an implicature and situations in which this is not the case.
本文研究了儿童在限定性物体描述中对冗余信息的处理的发展变化。在两项实验中，向两个年龄组（6或7岁以及9或10岁）的儿童展示了糖果的图片。在第一个实验（成对比较）中，展示了两颗相同的糖果，其中一颗用冗余修饰语进行了描述。描述之后，孩子们必须在强制选择任务中指出他们最喜欢的糖果。在第二个实验（等级评定）中，只展示了一颗糖果，在一半的情况下用冗余颜色修饰语进行描述（例如，“蓝色的糖果”），在另一半情况下则简单地描述为“糖果”。这一次，要求孩子们在5分制的评分量表上指出他们对糖果的喜欢程度。在两项实验中，结果都表明年幼的孩子更喜欢用冗余信息描述的糖果，而冗余信息对年长孩子的偏好没有影响。这些结果意味着孩子们正在学习区分冗余信息带有隐含意义的情况和不带有隐含意义的情况。
