Smolinska Sylwia, O'Mahony Liam
Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.
Semin Liver Dis. 2016 Sep;36(4):317-326. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1593883. Epub 2016 Dec 20.
The intestinal immune system recognizes and responds to the vast diversity of microbes present within the gut. Highly sophisticated cellular and molecular networks are continuously coordinated to tolerate the presence of a large number and diversity of bacteria on mucosal surfaces. Different types of bacteria induce different immune responses, and bacterial metabolism of dietary factors generates metabolites that have significant effects on host immune responses. Dendritic cells, epithelial cells, innate lymphoid cells, T-regulatory cells, effector lymphocytes, natural killer T cells, and B-cell responses can all be influenced by the microbiome. Many of the mechanisms being described are bacterial strain or metabolite-specific. A better understanding of the mechanisms governing microbiome-host immune responses will likely lead to novel therapeutics for inflammatory disorders.
肠道免疫系统能够识别并对肠道内种类繁多的微生物作出反应。高度复杂的细胞和分子网络持续协同运作，以耐受黏膜表面大量且多样的细菌的存在。不同类型的细菌会引发不同的免疫反应，饮食因素的细菌代谢会产生对宿主免疫反应有显著影响的代谢产物。树突状细胞、上皮细胞、固有淋巴细胞、调节性T细胞、效应淋巴细胞、自然杀伤T细胞以及B细胞反应都会受到微生物群的影响。目前所描述的许多机制都是特定于细菌菌株或代谢产物的。更好地理解微生物群与宿主免疫反应的调控机制可能会带来针对炎症性疾病的新型疗法。
