Spampinato Claudia P
Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2017 May;74(9):1693-1709. doi: 10.1007/s00018-016-2436-2. Epub 2016 Dec 20.
The genome integrity of all organisms is constantly threatened by replication errors and DNA damage arising from endogenous and exogenous sources. Such base pair anomalies must be accurately repaired to prevent mutagenesis and/or lethality. Thus, it is not surprising that cells have evolved multiple and partially overlapping DNA repair pathways to correct specific types of DNA errors and lesions. Great progress in unraveling these repair mechanisms at the molecular level has been made by several talented researchers, among them Tomas Lindahl, Aziz Sancar, and Paul Modrich, all three Nobel laureates in Chemistry for 2015. Much of this knowledge comes from studies performed in bacteria, yeast, and mammals and has impacted research in plant systems. Two plant features should be mentioned. Plants differ from higher eukaryotes in that they lack a reserve germline and cannot avoid environmental stresses. Therefore, plants have evolved different strategies to sustain genome fidelity through generations and continuous exposure to genotoxic stresses. These strategies include the presence of unique or multiple paralogous genes with partially overlapping DNA repair activities. Yet, in spite (or because) of these differences, plants, especially Arabidopsis thaliana, can be used as a model organism for functional studies. Some advantages of this model system are worth mentioning: short life cycle, availability of both homozygous and heterozygous lines for many genes, plant transformation techniques, tissue culture methods and reporter systems for gene expression and function studies. Here, I provide a current understanding of DNA repair genes in plants, with a special focus on A. thaliana. It is expected that this review will be a valuable resource for future functional studies in the DNA repair field, both in plants and animals.
所有生物的基因组完整性都不断受到内源性和外源性来源产生的复制错误和DNA损伤的威胁。此类碱基对异常必须得到准确修复，以防止诱变和/或致死。因此，细胞进化出多种部分重叠的DNA修复途径来纠正特定类型的DNA错误和损伤也就不足为奇了。几位杰出的研究人员在分子水平上揭示这些修复机制方面取得了巨大进展，其中包括托马斯·林达尔、阿齐兹·桑卡尔和保罗·莫德里奇，他们三人都是2015年的诺贝尔化学奖获得者。这些知识大多来自对细菌、酵母和哺乳动物的研究，并对植物系统的研究产生了影响。需要提及植物的两个特点。植物与高等真核生物的不同之处在于，它们没有储备种系，无法避免环境压力。因此，植物进化出了不同的策略来在世代相传和持续暴露于基因毒性压力的情况下维持基因组保真度。这些策略包括存在具有部分重叠DNA修复活性的独特或多个旁系同源基因。然而，尽管（或由于）存在这些差异，植物，尤其是拟南芥，可以用作功能研究的模式生物。这个模式系统的一些优点值得一提：生命周期短、许多基因有纯合和杂合品系、植物转化技术、组织培养方法以及用于基因表达和功能研究的报告系统。在这里，我阐述了目前对植物中DNA修复基因的理解，特别关注拟南芥。预计这篇综述将成为未来植物和动物DNA修复领域功能研究的宝贵资源。
