Kusin Faradiella Mohd, Akhir Nurul Izzati Mat, Mohamat-Yusuff Ferdaus, Awang Muhamad
Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
Environmental Forensics Research Centre, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Feb;24(6):5293-5304. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-8270-0. Epub 2016 Dec 21.
The environmental impacts with regard to agro-based biofuel production have been associated with the impact of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, field GHG emissions during plantation stage of palm oil-based biofuel production associated with land use changes for oil palm plantation development have been evaluated. Three different sites of different land use changes prior to oil palm plantation were chosen; converted land-use (large and small-scales) and logged-over forest. Field sampling for determination of soil N-mineralisation and soil organic carbon (SOC) was undertaken at the sites according to the age of palm, i.e. <5 years (immature), 5-20 and >21 years (mature oil palms). The field data were incorporated into the estimation of nitrous oxide (NO) and the resulting CO-eq emissions as well as for estimation of carbon stock changes. Irrespective of the land conversion scenarios, the nitrous oxide emissions were found in the range of 6.47-7.78 kg NO-N/ha resulting in 498-590 kg CO-eq/ha. On the other hand, the conversion of tropical forest into oil palm plantation has resulted in relatively higher GHG emissions (i.e. four times higher and carbon stock reduction by >50%) compared to converted land use (converted rubber plantation) for oil palm development. The conversion from previously rubber plantation into oil palm plantation would increase the carbon savings (20% in increase) thus sustaining the environmental benefits from the palm oil-based biofuel production.
以农业为基础的生物燃料生产所产生的环境影响与温室气体（GHG）排放的影响有关。在本研究中，对与油棕种植园开发导致的土地利用变化相关的基于棕榈油的生物燃料生产种植阶段的田间温室气体排放进行了评估。选择了油棕种植园之前三种不同土地利用变化的不同地点；转变后的土地利用（大规模和小规模）以及砍伐后的森林。根据棕榈树的年龄，即在<5年（未成熟）、5 - 20年以及>21年（成熟油棕）时，在这些地点进行田间采样以测定土壤氮矿化和土壤有机碳（SOC）。将田间数据纳入一氧化二氮（NO）的估算以及由此产生的二氧化碳当量排放估算，同时也用于估算碳储量变化。无论土地转变情景如何，一氧化二氮排放量在6.47 - 7.78千克NO - N/公顷范围内，导致二氧化碳当量排放为498 - 590千克/公顷。另一方面，与用于油棕开发的转变后的土地利用（转变后的橡胶种植园）相比，将热带森林转变为油棕种植园导致相对更高的温室气体排放（即高出四倍且碳储量减少>50%）。从先前的橡胶种植园转变为油棕种植园将增加碳储蓄（增加20%），从而维持基于棕榈油的生物燃料生产带来的环境效益。
