Pereira Jaqueline Lopes, Castro Michelle Alessandra de, Hopkins Sinead, Gugger Carolyn, Fisberg Regina Mara, Fisberg Mauro
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of School Feeding Program, Secretariat of Education of São Paulo, Brazil.
Appetite. 2017 Apr 1;111:12-22. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.12.023. Epub 2016 Dec 19.
Breakfast has been related to positive nutrition and health outcomes, but criteria for an optimal composition of this meal are not well established. The aim of this study was to propose a breakfast quality index (BQI) for the Brazilian population, and to describe the relationship between breakfast quality, socio-demographic factors, dietary intake at breakfast and for the total day. BQI was constructed based on individual dietary data of 22,279 breakfast consumers, aged 20+ years from the Brazilian National Dietary Survey, a population-based cross-sectional study. The BQI was comprised of food components (cereals, fruit/vegetables, dairy products), and nutrient criteria (energy, fiber, free sugar, saturated fat, calcium and sodium). Mean, percentage and 95% CIs were estimated for variables according to BQI categories. The mean BQI was 4.2, with 71% of individuals falling into medium BQI category and 6% in high category. Individuals in urban areas, in higher categories of income and education and women had higher BQI means. Consumers with high BQI had higher intake of fruits/vegetables and higher breakfast and total daily intake of energy, carbohydrates, fiber, total sugar, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate and vitamins B6, A, C, and D, and lower trans fatty acids compared to those in low and medium BQI groups. Promoting a high-quality breakfast may contribute to a better nutrient intake and achievement of daily requirements.
早餐与积极的营养和健康结果相关，但这一餐的最佳组成标准尚未明确确立。本研究的目的是为巴西人群提出一个早餐质量指数（BQI），并描述早餐质量、社会人口学因素、早餐时的饮食摄入量与全天饮食摄入量之间的关系。BQI是基于巴西国家饮食调查中22279名20岁及以上早餐消费者的个体饮食数据构建的，该调查是一项基于人群的横断面研究。BQI由食物成分（谷物、水果/蔬菜、乳制品）和营养标准（能量、纤维、游离糖、饱和脂肪、钙和钠）组成。根据BQI类别对变量估计均值、百分比和95%置信区间。平均BQI为4.2，71%的个体属于中等BQI类别，6%属于高BQI类别。城市地区、收入和教育水平较高的个体以及女性的BQI均值较高。与低BQI和中等BQI组的消费者相比，高BQI消费者摄入的水果/蔬菜更多，早餐和全天的能量、碳水化合物、纤维、总糖、钠、钾、磷、硫胺素、核黄素、烟酸、叶酸以及维生素B6、A、C和D的摄入量更高，反式脂肪酸摄入量更低。推广高质量早餐可能有助于更好地摄入营养并满足每日营养需求。
