Kapahi Pankaj, Kaeberlein Matt, Hansen Malene
Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Ageing Res Rev. 2017 Oct;39:3-14. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.12.005. Epub 2016 Dec 19.
Dietary restriction (DR) is the most robust environmental manipulation known to increase active and healthy lifespan in many species. Despite differences in the protocols and the way DR is carried out in different organisms, conserved relationships are emerging among multiple species. Elegant studies from numerous model organisms are further defining the importance of various nutrient-signaling pathways including mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin), insulin/IGF-1-like signaling and sirtuins in mediating the effects of DR. We here review current advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms altered by DR to promote lifespan in three major invertebrate models, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.
饮食限制（DR）是已知的在许多物种中能延长活跃且健康寿命的最有效的环境干预手段。尽管在不同生物体中饮食限制的方案和实施方式存在差异，但多个物种之间正在出现一些保守的关系。来自众多模式生物的精妙研究进一步明确了包括mTOR（雷帕霉素作用靶点）、胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子-1信号通路和沉默调节蛋白等各种营养信号通路在介导饮食限制作用方面的重要性。我们在此综述了在三种主要无脊椎动物模型（芽殖酵母酿酒酵母、线虫秀丽隐杆线虫和果蝇黑腹果蝇）中，关于饮食限制改变分子机制以促进寿命延长的当前研究进展。
