Walther Diana, Curjuric Ivan, Dratva Julia, Schaffner Emmanuel, Quinto Carlos, Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno, Eze Ikenna C, Burdet Luc, Pons Marco, Gerbase Margaret W, Imboden Medea, Schindler Christian, Probst-Hensch Nicole
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland.
Institute of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320 B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland.
Prev Med. 2017 Apr;97:56-61. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.12.016. Epub 2016 Dec 21.
Healthy lifestyles are integral in preventing and treating common cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to observe smoking habits, alcohol intake, physical activity and body mass index over a 10-year period in a population-based cohort, particularly focusing on participants with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Included were 4155 participants from the first (2001-2003) and second (2010-2011) follow-ups of the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Disease in Adults (SAPALDIA). Information was collected via health questionnaire; height and weight were measured. In a healthy lifestyle score one point was attributed per criterion; non-smoking, low risk alcohol consumption, BMI<25kg/m, and regular physical activity. Overall in 2010-2011, 16.4% were smokers, 7.7% had at risk alcohol consumption, 25.5% were physically inactive and 57.8% were overweight or obese. Both those with hypertension and diabetes had lower mean healthy lifestyle scores than those without disease. Women with incident hypertension from 2001 to 2011 had lower odds of improving their healthy lifestyle score during this time period compared to those without this disease. In contrast, women with incident diabetes had higher odds of lifestyle score improvement. In men, neither hypertension nor diabetes was associated with change in lifestyle score. Our findings suggest that, irrespective of disease status, preventative attention is needed, particularly in regards to physical activity and bodyweight. These needs could be met by population-based interventions, a necessary and suitable option in both preventing and treating the non-communicable disease epidemic which currently faces countries worldwide.
健康的生活方式对于预防和治疗常见的心血管和代谢疾病至关重要。本研究的目的是在一个基于人群的队列中观察10年间的吸烟习惯、饮酒情况、身体活动和体重指数，特别关注高血压和2型糖尿病患者。纳入的是瑞士成人空气污染与心肺疾病队列研究（SAPALDIA）第一次（2001 - 2003年）和第二次（2010 - 2011年）随访的4155名参与者。通过健康问卷收集信息；测量身高和体重。在健康生活方式评分中，每个标准（不吸烟、低风险饮酒、BMI<25kg/m²和定期身体活动）计1分。总体而言，在2010 - 2011年，16.4%的人吸烟，7.7%有高风险饮酒，25.5%身体不活动，57.8%超重或肥胖。高血压和糖尿病患者的平均健康生活方式评分均低于无疾病者。2001年至2011年新发高血压的女性在此期间改善健康生活方式评分的几率低于无此病者。相比之下，新发糖尿病的女性生活方式评分改善的几率更高。在男性中，高血压和糖尿病均与生活方式评分的变化无关。我们的研究结果表明，无论疾病状况如何，都需要进行预防性关注，特别是在身体活动和体重方面。这些需求可以通过基于人群的干预措施来满足，这是预防和治疗目前全球各国面临的非传染性疾病流行的必要且合适的选择。
