触发记忆再巩固的决定因素:提取与更新信息的作用。

Determinants to trigger memory reconsolidation: The role of retrieval and updating information.

作者信息

Rodriguez-Ortiz Carlos J, Bermúdez-Rattoni Federico

机构信息

Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 2216 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, 837 Health Sciences Rd., Irvine, CA 92697-4545, USA.

División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 México City, Mexico.

出版信息

Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2017 Jul;142(Pt A):4-12. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.12.005. Epub 2016 Dec 21.

Abstract

Long-term memories can undergo destabilization/restabilization processes, collectively called reconsolidation. However, the parameters that trigger memory reconsolidation are poorly understood and are a matter of intense investigation. Particularly, memory retrieval is widely held as requisite to initiate reconsolidation. This assumption makes sense since only relevant cues will induce reconsolidation of a specific memory. However, recent studies show that pharmacological inhibition of retrieval does not avoid memory from undergoing reconsolidation, indicating that memory reconsolidation occurs through a process that can be dissociated from retrieval. We propose that retrieval is not a unitary process but has two dissociable components; one leading to the expression of memory and the other to reconsolidation, referred herein as executer and integrator respectively. The executer would lead to the behavioral expression of the memory. This component would be the one disrupted on the studies that show reconsolidation independence from retrieval. The integrator would deal with reconsolidation. This component of retrieval would lead to long-term memory destabilization when specific conditions are met. We think that an important number of reports are consistent with the hypothesis that reconsolidation is only initiated when updating information is acquired. We suggest that the integrator would initiate reconsolidation to integrate updating information into long-term memory.

摘要

长期记忆会经历不稳定/再稳定过程,统称为重新巩固。然而,触发记忆重新巩固的参数仍知之甚少,是深入研究的课题。特别是,人们普遍认为记忆提取是启动重新巩固所必需的。这个假设是合理的,因为只有相关线索才会诱导特定记忆的重新巩固。然而,最近的研究表明,对提取的药理学抑制并不能避免记忆进行重新巩固,这表明记忆重新巩固是通过一个可以与提取分离的过程发生的。我们提出,提取不是一个单一的过程,而是有两个可分离的成分;一个导致记忆的表达,另一个导致重新巩固,在此分别称为执行者和整合者。执行者会导致记忆的行为表达。在那些显示重新巩固独立于提取的研究中,这个成分会受到干扰。整合者会处理重新巩固。当满足特定条件时,提取的这个成分会导致长期记忆不稳定。我们认为,大量报告与这样的假设一致,即只有在获得更新信息时才会启动重新巩固。我们建议,整合者会启动重新巩固,以便将更新信息整合到长期记忆中。

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