Gushiken Lucas F, Beserra Fernando P, Rozza Ariane L, Bérgamo Patrícia L, Bérgamo Danilo A, Pellizzon Cláudia H
Laboratory of Experimentation of Natural Products (LENP), Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Unesp, 18618-970 Botucatu/SP, Brazil.
Rev Diabet Stud. 2016 Summer-Fall;13(2-3):96-112. doi: 10.1900/RDS.2016.13.96. Epub 2016 Aug 10.
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease and a leading cause of death in western countries. Despite advancements in the clinical management of the disease, it is not possible to control the late complications of diabetes. The main characteristic feature of diabetes is hyperglycemia, which reflects the deterioration in the use of glucose due to a faulty or poor response to insulin secretion. Alloxan and streptozotocin (STZ) are the chemical tools that are most commonly used to study the disease in rodents. Many plant species have been used in ethnopharmacology or to treat experimentally symptoms of this disease. When evaluated pharmacologically, most of the plants employed as antidiabetic substances have been shown to exhibit hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities, and to contain chemical constituents that may be used as new antidiabetic agents. There are many substances extracted from plants that offer antidiabetic potential, whereas others may result in hypoglycemia as a side effect due to their toxicity, particularly their hepatotoxicity. In this article we present an updated overview of the studies on extracts from medicinal plants, relating the mechanisms of action by which these substances act and the natural principles of antidiabetic activity.
糖尿病是一种慢性疾病，也是西方国家主要的死亡原因之一。尽管在该疾病的临床管理方面取得了进展，但仍无法控制糖尿病的晚期并发症。糖尿病的主要特征是高血糖，这反映了由于对胰岛素分泌的反应错误或不佳而导致葡萄糖利用的恶化。四氧嘧啶和链脲佐菌素（STZ）是在啮齿动物中研究该疾病最常用的化学工具。许多植物物种已被用于民族药理学或治疗该疾病的实验性症状。当进行药理学评估时，大多数用作抗糖尿病物质的植物已被证明具有降血糖和抗高血糖活性，并含有可作为新型抗糖尿病药物的化学成分。有许多从植物中提取的物质具有抗糖尿病潜力，而其他一些物质可能因其毒性，特别是肝毒性而导致低血糖作为副作用。在本文中，我们提供了关于药用植物提取物研究的最新综述，阐述了这些物质发挥作用的作用机制以及抗糖尿病活性的天然原理。
