Patel D K, Kumar R, Laloo D, Hemalatha S
Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012 May;2(5):411-20. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60067-7.
Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease but is a group of metabolic disorders affecting a huge number of population in the world. It is mainly characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, resulting from defects in insulin secretion or insulin action. It is predicated that the number of diabetes person in the world could reach upto 366 million by the year 2030. Even though the cases of diabetes are increasing day by day, except insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs no other way of treatment has been successfully developed so far. Thus, the objective of the present review is to provide an insight over the pathophysiological and etiological aspects of diabetes mellitus along with the remedies available for this metabolic disorder. The review also contains brief idea about diabetes mellitus and the experimental screening model with their relevant mechanism and significance mainly used nowadays. Alloxan and streptozotocin are mainly used for evaluating the antidiabetic activity of a particular drug. This review contain list of medicinal plants which have been tested for their antidiabetic activity in the alloxan induced diabetic rat model. From the available data in the literature, it was found that plant having antidiabetic activity is mainly due to the presence of the secondary metabolite. Thus, the information provided in this review will help the researchers for the development of an alternative methods rather than insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, which will minimize the complication associated with the diabetes and related disorder.
糖尿病并非单一疾病，而是一组代谢紊乱症，影响着世界上大量人口。其主要特征为慢性高血糖，由胰岛素分泌缺陷或胰岛素作用缺陷所致。据预测，到2030年全球糖尿病患者人数将达3.66亿。尽管糖尿病病例日益增多，但迄今为止，除胰岛素和口服降糖药外，尚未成功开发出其他治疗方法。因此，本综述的目的是深入探讨糖尿病的病理生理和病因学方面，以及针对这种代谢紊乱的可用治疗方法。该综述还简要介绍了糖尿病以及目前主要使用的实验筛选模型及其相关机制和意义。四氧嘧啶和链脲佐菌素主要用于评估特定药物的抗糖尿病活性。本综述列出了已在四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠模型中测试其抗糖尿病活性的药用植物。从文献中的现有数据发现，具有抗糖尿病活性的植物主要归因于次生代谢产物的存在。因此，本综述提供的信息将有助于研究人员开发替代方法，而非使用胰岛素和口服降糖药来治疗糖尿病，这将最大限度地减少与糖尿病及相关疾病相关的并发症。
