养老院护理人员中的欺凌行为：瑞士养老院人力资源项目的横断面二次分析。
Mobbing among care workers in nursing homes: A cross-sectional secondary analysis of the Swiss Nursing Homes Human Resources Project.
机构信息
Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Bernoullistr. 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Alterszentrum Aaheim, Mühlewiesestrasse 4, 8355 Aadorf, Switzerland.
Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Bernoullistr. 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; University Hopsital Basel, Patient Safety Office, Spitalstr. 22, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
出版信息
Int J Nurs Stud. 2017 Jan;66:72-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.12.005. Epub 2016 Dec 15.
BACKGROUND
As a category of bullying, mobbing is a form of violence in the workplace that damages the employing organization as well as the targeted employee. In Europe, the overall prevalence of mobbing in healthcare is estimated at 4%. However, few studies have explored mobbing among long-term care workers.
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to examine the frequency of mobbing in Swiss nursing homes and its relationships with care workers' (i.e. registered nurse, licensed practical nurse, assistant nurse, nurse aide) health status, job satisfaction, and intention to leave, and to explore the work environment as a contributing factor to mobbing.
DESIGN
A cross-sectional, multi-center sub-study of the Swiss Nursing Homes Human Resource Project (SHURP).
SETTING
Nursing homes in Switzerland's three language regions.
PARTICIPANTS
A total of 162 randomly selected nursing homes with 20 or more beds, including 5311 care workers with various educational levels.
METHOD
Controlling for facility and care worker characteristics, generalized estimation equations were used to assess the relationships between mobbing and care workers' health status, job satisfaction, and intention to leave as well as the association of work environment factors with mobbing.
RESULTS
In Swiss nursing homes, 4.6% of surveyed care workers (n=242) reported mobbing experiences in the last 6 months. Compared to untargeted persons, those directly affected by mobbing had higher odds of health complaints (Odds Ratios (OR): 7.81, 95% CI 5.56-10.96) and intention to leave (OR: 5.12, 95% CI 3.81-6.88), and lower odds of high job satisfaction (OR: 0.19, 95% CI 0.14-0.26). Odds of mobbing occurrences increased with declining teamwork and safety climate (OR: 0.41, 95% CI 0.30-0.58), less supportive leadership (OR: 0.42, 95% CI 0.30-0.58), and higher perceived inadequacy of staffing resources (OR: 0.66, 95% CI 0.48-0.92).
CONCLUSIONS
Mobbing experiences in Swiss nursing homes are relatively rare. Alongside teamwork and safety climate, risk factors are strongly associated with superiors' leadership skills. Targeted training is necessary to sensitize managers to mobbing's indicators, effects and potential influencing factors.
背景
作为一种欺凌形式，骚扰是工作场所中的一种暴力形式，它不仅损害了雇佣组织，也损害了目标员工。在欧洲，估计医疗保健行业的骚扰总体发生率为 4%。然而，很少有研究探讨长期护理工作者中的骚扰问题。
目的
本研究旨在调查瑞士养老院中骚扰的发生频率及其与护理人员（即注册护士、执业护士、助理护士、护士助手）健康状况、工作满意度和离职意愿的关系，并探讨工作环境对骚扰的影响。
设计
瑞士养老院人力资源项目（SHURP）的一项跨地区、多中心的子研究。
地点
瑞士三个语言区的养老院。
参与者
共有 162 家随机选择的有 20 张或更多床位的养老院，其中包括 5311 名具有不同教育水平的护理人员。
方法
在控制设施和护理人员特征的情况下，使用广义估计方程评估骚扰与护理人员健康状况、工作满意度和离职意愿的关系，以及工作环境因素与骚扰的关系。
结果
在瑞士养老院中，4.6%（n=242）的被调查护理人员报告在过去 6 个月内有过骚扰经历。与未受影响的人相比，直接受骚扰影响的人出现健康问题的几率更高（优势比（OR）：7.81，95%置信区间（CI）5.56-10.96），离职意愿更高（OR：5.12，95%CI 3.81-6.88），工作满意度高的几率更低（OR：0.19，95%CI 0.14-0.26）。团队合作和安全氛围下降（OR：0.41，95%CI 0.30-0.58）、领导支持减少（OR：0.42，95%CI 0.30-0.58）和感知人员配备资源不足（OR：0.66，95%CI 0.48-0.92）时，骚扰事件发生的几率会增加。
结论
瑞士养老院中的骚扰经历相对较少。除了团队合作和安全氛围外，风险因素与上级的领导能力密切相关。有必要进行有针对性的培训，使管理人员能够意识到骚扰的指标、影响和潜在影响因素。
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