Chaves Luis Fernando, Friberg Mariel D, Jian Jiun-Yu, Moji Kazuhiko
Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), Apartado Postal 4-2250, Tres Ríos, Cartago, Costa Rica.
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.
Insects. 2019 Feb 1;10(2):41. doi: 10.3390/insects10020041.
The bamboo mosquito, (Yamada) (Diptera: Culicidae) is a common insect across East Asia. Several studies have looked at the ecology of developmental stages separately, but little is known about the factors associated with the persistence (how often) and abundance (how many individuals) of stages simultaneously studied across a heterogeneous landscape. Here, we ask what environmental and landscape factors are associated with the persistence and abundance of stages across the altitudinal gradient of Mt. Konpira, Nagasaki City, Japan. During a season-long study we counted 8065 (7297 4th instar larvae, 670 pupae and 98 adults) mosquitoes. We found that persistence and abundance patterns were not associated among stages, with the exception of large (4th instar) and small (1st to 3rd instars) larvae persistence, which were positively correlated. We also found that relative humidity was associated with the persistence of aquatic stages, being positively associated with large and small larvae, but negatively with pupae. Similarly, landscape aspect changed from positive to negative the sign of its association with pupae and adults, highlighting that environmental associations change with life stage. Meanwhile, abundance patterns were negatively impacted by more variable microenvironments, as measured by the negative impacts of kurtosis and standard deviation (SD) of environmental variables, indicating thrives in stable environments, suggesting this mosquito species has a finely grained response to environmental changes.
竹蚊（山田竹蚊）（双翅目：蚊科）是东亚地区常见的昆虫。已有多项研究分别探讨了其不同发育阶段的生态学，但对于在异质景观中同时研究的各阶段的持续性（出现频率）和丰度（个体数量）相关因素却知之甚少。在此，我们探究在日本长崎市金毗罗山的海拔梯度上，哪些环境和景观因素与各阶段的持续性和丰度相关。在为期一个季节的研究中，我们统计了8065只竹蚊（7297只四龄幼虫、670只蛹和98只成虫）。我们发现，除了大型（四龄）幼虫和小型（一至三龄）幼虫的持续性呈正相关外，各阶段之间的持续性和丰度模式并无关联。我们还发现，相对湿度与水生阶段的持续性相关，与大型和小型幼虫呈正相关，但与蛹呈负相关。同样，景观朝向对蛹和成虫的关联符号从正变为负，这突出表明环境关联随生命阶段而变化。同时，丰度模式受到更多变微环境的负面影响，这通过环境变量的峰度和标准差（SD）的负面影响来衡量，表明竹蚊在稳定环境中更易生存，这表明该蚊种对环境变化有精细的响应。
