Jak Amy J, Crocker Laura D, Aupperle Robin L, Clausen Ashley, Bomyea Jessica
VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2018;38:93-116. doi: 10.1007/7854_2016_62.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is classified as a traumatic stress-related condition and is most often discussed in terms of emotional dysfunction. However, given that cognitive and emotional processes are intricately intertwined, implemented by overlapping brain networks, and effectively integrated in at least some of the same regions (e.g., prefrontal cortex, for a review, see Crocker et al. 2013), an abundance of literature now highlights the key role that cognitive functioning plays in both the development and maintenance (or exacerbation) of PTSD symptoms (Aupperle et al. 2012a; Verfaellie et al. 2012). Findings from this body of work detail objective impairment in neuropsychological function in those with PTSD (Brandes et al. 2002; Hayes et al. 2012a; Koenen et al. 2001). Yet despite the impact of neurocognition on PTSD treatment engagement and success (e.g., Haaland et al. 2016; Nijdam et al. 2015) and conversely, the role of PTSD treatment in normalizing cognitive dysfunction, a much smaller literature exists on neurocognitive changes following treatment for PTSD. Even aside from its role in treatment, cognitive functioning in PTSD has significant implications for daily functioning for individuals with this disorder, as cognition is predictive of school achievement, obtaining and maintaining employment, job advancement, maintaining relationships, greater wealth, and better health and quality of life (e.g., Diamond and Ling 2016).
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）被归类为一种与创伤应激相关的病症，并且人们大多从情绪功能障碍的角度对其进行讨论。然而，鉴于认知过程和情绪过程错综复杂地交织在一起，由重叠的脑网络执行，并至少在一些相同区域（例如前额叶皮层，综述见Crocker等人，2013年）有效整合，现在大量文献强调了认知功能在PTSD症状的发展和维持（或加重）中所起的关键作用（Aupperle等人，2012a；Verfaellie等人，2012）。这一系列研究的结果详细说明了PTSD患者神经心理功能的客观损害（Brandes等人，2002；Hayes等人，2012a；Koenen等人，2001）。然而，尽管神经认知对PTSD治疗的参与度和成功率有影响（例如，Haaland等人，2016；Nijdam等人，2015），反之，PTSD治疗在使认知功能障碍正常化方面也有作用，但关于PTSD治疗后神经认知变化的文献要少得多。除了其在治疗中的作用外，PTSD中的认知功能对患有这种疾病的个体的日常功能也有重大影响，因为认知可预测学业成绩、获得和维持就业、工作晋升、维持人际关系、增加财富以及改善健康和生活质量（例如，Diamond和Ling，2016）。
