Joyner Michael J
Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
J Physiol. 2017 May 1;595(9):2949-2954. doi: 10.1113/JP272268. Epub 2017 Feb 9.
This brief review summarizes factors associated with elite endurance performance, trends in distance running training, and participation by men and more recently women. It is framed in the context of key ideas about the physiological determinants of endurance performance but also touches on some historical and sociological factors relevant to the overall topic. Historical trends that served to increase women's participation in elite endurance events are also discussed as is the role of increased volume and intensity of training. The rapid improvement in women's world record marathon times in the 1970s and 80s are emblematic of these trends and represent a combination of increased training volume and intensity and more competitive opportunities. This occurred as bans on participation by women in endurance events were lifted. For men these same trends evolved over a much longer time frame. The main physiological factor responsible for 10-12% slower times in women compared to men at the elite level are also considered and probably centre aroundV̇O2 max .
这篇简短的综述总结了与精英耐力表现相关的因素、长跑训练的趋势以及男性和近期女性的参与情况。它是在关于耐力表现生理决定因素的关键观点背景下构建的，但也涉及到一些与整个主题相关的历史和社会学因素。还讨论了有助于增加女性参与精英耐力赛事的历史趋势，以及训练量和强度增加的作用。20世纪70年代和80年代女子马拉松世界纪录的快速提高是这些趋势的象征，代表了训练量和强度的增加以及更多竞争机会的结合。这一情况发生在女性参与耐力赛事的禁令被解除之时。对于男性来说，这些相同的趋势在更长的时间框架内演变。还考虑了在精英水平上女性比男性慢10 - 12%的主要生理因素，这可能主要围绕最大摄氧量。
