Coast J Richard, Blevins Jennifer S, Wilson Brian A
Department of Exercise Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86001-5092, USA.
Can J Appl Physiol. 2004 Apr;29(2):139-45. doi: 10.1139/h04-010.
It has been suggested that gender differences in running should disappear as distances increase, particularly past the marathon. This suggestion is primarily based on differences in fuel utilization, muscle damage following exercise, relative improvements in performance over the past decades, and on the analysis of marathon vs. ultramarathon performances of men and women. We reasoned that the best comparison of the potential of a human is by the use of world best times, which should be reasonable indicators of the effect of distance on relative performance of women and men. We compared current world best running performances at distances from 100 m to 200 km. Records as of December 2002 were obtained. T-tests analyzed speed differences between genders, and regression analysis tested the percent differences between men and women across distance. Speeds were different, with the average difference being 12.4% faster for men. There was a significant slope to the speed difference across distances in that longer distances were associated with greater differences. These results may be confounded by the reduced number of women in longer distance events. Furthermore, the proposed metabolic advantage for women because of increased fat metabolism may be masked by regular feeding during endurance races.
有人提出，随着跑步距离的增加，尤其是超过马拉松距离后，跑步中的性别差异应该会消失。这一观点主要基于燃料利用的差异、运动后肌肉损伤情况、过去几十年中成绩的相对提高，以及对男女马拉松和超级马拉松成绩的分析。我们认为，对人类潜力的最佳比较是通过使用世界最佳成绩，这应该是距离对男女相对成绩影响的合理指标。我们比较了从100米到200公里不同距离的当前世界最佳跑步成绩。获取了截至2002年12月的记录。t检验分析了性别之间的速度差异，回归分析测试了不同距离下男女之间的百分比差异。速度存在差异，男性平均比女性快12.4%。不同距离的速度差异存在显著斜率，即距离越长差异越大。这些结果可能因长距离项目中女性人数减少而受到混淆。此外，由于脂肪代谢增加而提出的女性代谢优势可能会在耐力比赛中因常规进食而被掩盖。
