Morabito Melissa S, Socia Kelly, Wik Amanda, Fisher William H
University of Massachusetts Lowell, United States.
University of Massachusetts Lowell, United States.
Int J Law Psychiatry. 2017 Jan-Feb;50:31-37. doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2016.10.001. Epub 2016 Oct 28.
Previous research studies have examined the treatment of people with mental illnesses by the police. Much available data support the adoption of the Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) model. A key issue in CIT development has been reduction in the use of force by CIT officers, and it is suggested that such adoption does accomplish such reduction. However, to date, scant research compares variation in police use of force by CIT officers across populations with mental illnesses, co-occurring disorders, and substance abuse disorders, as compared to their non-disordered peers. Using data from the Portland Police Bureau, a police agency in which all patrol officers have been trained in the CIT model, we analyze whether police use-of-force differs across these groups. Police use-of-force data were collected for 4211 incidents from the Portland Police Bureau from 2008 to 2011. Results indicate that people perceived as having comorbid behavioral health disorders were generally more likely to have force used against them, and more likely to be perceived as resistant, than people that were perceived as having only substance use disorder, only mental health disorders, or no apparent behavioral health disorders. People with co-occurring disorders are more likely to be perceived as violently resisting police officers and have force used against them. Further, people with no perceived disorders are more likely to have a firearm pointed at them in use-of-force encounters, but also the least likely to be perceived as resisting.
以往的研究探讨了警察对患有精神疾病者的处置情况。大量现有数据支持采用危机干预小组（CIT）模式。CIT发展中的一个关键问题是减少CIT警官使用武力的情况，并且有人认为采用该模式确实实现了这种减少。然而，迄今为止，与未患精神疾病的同龄人相比，很少有研究比较CIT警官在面对患有精神疾病、共病障碍和药物滥用障碍的人群时使用武力的差异。利用波特兰警察局的数据（该警察局的所有巡逻警官都接受过CIT模式的培训），我们分析了这些群体中警察使用武力的情况是否存在差异。我们收集了波特兰警察局2008年至2011年期间4211起事件的警察使用武力数据。结果表明，与仅被认为患有药物使用障碍、仅患有精神健康障碍或没有明显行为健康障碍的人相比，被认为患有共病行为健康障碍的人通常更有可能遭到武力对待，也更有可能被认为具有抗拒性。患有共病障碍的人更有可能被认为暴力抗拒警察并遭到武力对待。此外，在使用武力的遭遇中，未被认为患有障碍的人更有可能被用枪指着，但也最不可能被认为具有抗拒性。
