Unnikrishnan Pulikkaparambil Sasidharan, Jayasri Mangalam Achuthananda
School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore-632007, Tamilnadu, India.
Curr Diabetes Rev. 2018;14(3):237-245. doi: 10.2174/1573399812666161229151407.
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia, which is attributed to several life threatening complications including atherosclerosis, nephropathy, and retinopathy. The current therapies available for the management of DM mainly include oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin injections. However, continuous use of synthetic drugs provides lower healing with many side effects. Therefore, there is an urge for safe and efficient antidiabetic drugs for the management of DM. In the continuing search for effective antidiabetic drugs, marine algae (seaweeds) remains as a promising source with potent bioactivity. It is anticipated that the isolation, characterization, and pharmacological study of unexplored marine algae can be useful in the discovery of novel antidiabetic compounds with high biomedical value. Among marine algae, brown and red algae are reported to exhibit antidiabetic activity. Majority of the investigations on algal derived compounds controls the blood glucose levels through the inhbition of carbohydrate hydroloyzing enzymes and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B enzymes, insulin sensitization, glucose uptake effect and other protective effects against diabetic complications.
Based on the above perspective this review provides; profiles for various marine algae posessing antidiabetic activity. This study also highlights the therapeutic potential of compounds isolated from marine algae for the effective management of diabetes and its associated complications.
糖尿病（DM）是一种以慢性高血糖为特征的代谢紊乱疾病，它可引发多种危及生命的并发症，包括动脉粥样硬化、肾病和视网膜病变。目前用于治疗糖尿病的方法主要包括口服抗糖尿病药物和胰岛素注射。然而，持续使用合成药物的治愈率较低且伴有许多副作用。因此，迫切需要安全有效的抗糖尿病药物来治疗糖尿病。在持续寻找有效抗糖尿病药物的过程中，海藻仍然是具有强大生物活性的有前景的来源。预计对未开发海藻的分离、表征和药理学研究有助于发现具有高生物医学价值的新型抗糖尿病化合物。在海藻中，据报道褐藻和红藻具有抗糖尿病活性。对藻类衍生化合物的大多数研究通过抑制碳水化合物水解酶和蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B酶、胰岛素增敏、葡萄糖摄取作用以及对糖尿病并发症的其他保护作用来控制血糖水平。
基于上述观点，本综述提供了具有抗糖尿病活性的各种海藻的概况。本研究还强调了从海藻中分离出的化合物在有效管理糖尿病及其相关并发症方面的治疗潜力。
