Sakkas Hercules, Economou Vangelis, Papadopoulou Chrissanthy
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
J Vector Borne Dis. 2016 Oct-Dec;53(4):305-311.
Zika virus infection is an emerging mosquito-borne disease, first identified in Uganda in 1947. It is caused by the Zika arbovirus, and transmitted by the bites of infected mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. For almost half a century, the Zika virus was reported as the causative agent of sporadic human infections. In 2007, the Zika virus emerged outside Asia and Africa causing an epidemic on the Island of Yap in Micronesia. The manifestation of the newly acquired human infection varies from asymptomatic to self-limiting acute febrile illness with symptoms and clinical features similar to those caused by the Dengue virus ('Dengue-like syndrome'). The real-time PCR and serological methods have been successfully applied for the diagnosis of the disease. The treatment is symptomatic, since there is no specific antiviral treatment or a vaccine. During the recent outbreaks in French Polynesia and Brazil, incidents of Guillain-Barrι syndrome and microcephaly were associated with Zika virus infection, giving rise to fears of further global spread of the virus. Prevention and vector control strategies have to be urgently implemented by national health authorities in order to contain future outbreaks in vulnerable populations. This review summarizes the existing information on Zika virus characteristics, pathogenesis and epidemiology, the available methods for the diagnosis of Zika virus infection and recent approaches for prevention and control.
寨卡病毒感染是一种新出现的蚊媒疾病，1947年在乌干达首次被发现。它由寨卡虫媒病毒引起，通过感染的伊蚊属蚊子叮咬传播。近半个世纪以来，寨卡病毒被报告为散发性人类感染的病原体。2007年，寨卡病毒在亚洲和非洲以外地区出现，在密克罗尼西亚的雅浦岛引发了疫情。新获得的人类感染的表现从无症状到自限性急性发热疾病不等，其症状和临床特征与登革病毒引起的症状相似（“登革热样综合征”）。实时聚合酶链反应和血清学方法已成功应用于该疾病的诊断。由于没有特异性抗病毒治疗方法或疫苗，治疗以对症治疗为主。在最近法属波利尼西亚和巴西的疫情中，吉兰-巴雷综合征和小头畸形事件与寨卡病毒感染有关，引发了对该病毒进一步全球传播的担忧。国家卫生当局必须紧急实施预防和病媒控制策略，以遏制未来在易感人群中的疫情爆发。本综述总结了关于寨卡病毒特征、发病机制和流行病学的现有信息、寨卡病毒感染的可用诊断方法以及最近的预防和控制方法。
