Freire Júnior Renato Campos, Porto Jaqueline Mello, Marques Nise Ribeiro, Magnani Paola Errera, Abreu Daniela Cristina Carvalho de
Laboratory for Evaluation and Recovery of Balance, Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Laboratory for Evaluation and Recovery of Balance, Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Hum Mov Sci. 2017 Jan;51:146-152. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2016.12.004. Epub 2016 Dec 28.
Human gait has been widely investigated under dual-task conditions because it has been demonstrated to be an important way to uncover differences in gait biomechanics between older fallers and non-fallers. However, exactly how simultaneous tasks affect the kinematics of walking remains unclear. In the present study, gait kinematic properties of older fallers and non-fallers were compared under cognitive and motor dual-task conditions. The gait kinematic properties of interest were recorded under three different conditions: walking at preferred speed, walking when performing a cognitive task (naming animals), and walking when performing a motor task (transferring a coin from one pocket to the other). The following variables were analyzed: gait speed, cadence, stride time, step length, single support, stride time variability, and the dual-task cost. In addition, functional balance was evaluated by means of the Balance Evaluation - Systems Test (BESTest). Two-way repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed significant main effects of walking conditions. However, no significant main effects of group (fallers vs. non-fallers) and no significant interaction effects between group and walking condition were observed. The BESTest revealed that functional balance in fallers was worse than in non-fallers. The cognitive task leads to more significant changes in gait kinematics than does a motor task and the step length and stride time variability were variables more sensitive to that cognitive influence.
人类步态在双任务条件下已得到广泛研究，因为它已被证明是揭示老年跌倒者和非跌倒者步态生物力学差异的重要方式。然而，同时进行的任务究竟如何影响步行运动学仍不清楚。在本研究中，比较了老年跌倒者和非跌倒者在认知和运动双任务条件下的步态运动学特性。在三种不同条件下记录了感兴趣的步态运动学特性：以偏好速度行走、在执行认知任务（说出动物名称）时行走以及在执行运动任务（将一枚硬币从一个口袋转移到另一个口袋）时行走。分析了以下变量：步态速度、步频、步幅时间、步长、单支撑、步幅时间变异性和双任务成本。此外，通过平衡评估系统测试（BESTest）评估了功能平衡。双向重复测量方差分析显示行走条件有显著的主效应。然而，未观察到组（跌倒者与非跌倒者）的显著主效应以及组与行走条件之间的显著交互效应。BESTest显示跌倒者的功能平衡比非跌倒者差。认知任务比运动任务导致步态运动学更显著的变化，并且步长和步幅时间变异性是对该认知影响更敏感的变量。
