Liu Jia, Liu Yang, Wang Yu, Abozeid Ann, Zu Yuan-Gang, Tang Zhong-Hua
Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-koom 32511, Egypt.
J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2017 Feb 20;135:176-185. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.12.026. Epub 2016 Dec 23.
The traditional medicine Ginseng mainly including Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius is the most widely consumed herbal product in the world. Despite the extensive investigation of biosynthetic pathway of the active compounds ginsenosides, our current understanding of the metabolic interlink between ginsenosides synthesis and primary metabolism at the whole-plant level. In this study, the tissue-specific profiling of primary and the secondary metabolites in two different species of ginseng were investigated by gas chromatography- and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. A complex continuous coordination of primary- and secondary-metabolic network was modulated by tissues and species factors during growth. The results showed that altogether 149 primary compounds and 10 ginsenosides were identified from main roots, lateral roots, stems, petioles and leaves in P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius. The partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) revealed obvious compounds distinction among tissue-specific districts relative to species. To survey the dedication of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in different tissues to the accumulation of ginsenosides, we inspected the tissue-specific metabolic changes. Our study testified that the ginsenosides content was dependent on main roots and lateral roots energy metabolism, whereas independent of leaves and petiole photosynthesis during ginsenosides accumulation. When tow species were compared, the results indicated that high rates of C assimilation to C accumulation are closely associated with ginsenosides accumulation in P. ginseng main roots and P. quinquefolius lateral roots, respectively. Taken together, our results suggest that tissue-specific metabolites profiling dynamically changed in process of ginsenosides biosynthesis, which may offer a new train of thoughts to the mechanisms of the ginsenosides biosynthesis at the metabolite level.
传统药物人参主要包括人参和西洋参，是世界上消费最广泛的草药产品。尽管对活性化合物人参皂苷的生物合成途径进行了广泛研究，但我们目前对人参皂苷合成与全株水平初级代谢之间的代谢联系了解不足。在本研究中，通过气相色谱-质谱联用和液相色谱-质谱联用技术，研究了两种不同人参品种中初级和次级代谢产物的组织特异性谱。在生长过程中，初级和次级代谢网络的复杂连续协调受到组织和品种因素的调节。结果表明，从人参和西洋参的主根、侧根、茎、叶柄和叶片中总共鉴定出149种初级化合物和10种人参皂苷。偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）显示，相对于品种，组织特异性区域之间存在明显的化合物差异。为了研究不同组织中碳和氮代谢对人参皂苷积累的贡献，我们检查了组织特异性代谢变化。我们的研究证明，在人参皂苷积累过程中，人参皂苷含量取决于主根和侧根的能量代谢，而与叶片和叶柄的光合作用无关。当比较两个品种时，结果表明，高碳同化率与碳积累率分别与人参主根和西洋参侧根中的人参皂苷积累密切相关。综上所述，我们的结果表明，在人参皂苷生物合成过程中，组织特异性代谢产物谱动态变化，这可能为代谢水平上人参皂苷生物合成的机制提供新的思路。
