School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China.
BMC Plant Biol. 2023 May 25;23(1):275. doi: 10.1186/s12870-023-04282-z.
Panax quinquefolius L. (American ginseng) is widely used in medicine due to its wealth of diverse pharmacological effects. Endophytes colonize within P. quinquefolius in multiple tissue types. However, the relationship between endophytes and the production of their active ingredients in different parts of the plant is not clear.
In this study, the relationship of endophytic diversity and the metabolites produced in different plant tissues of P. quinquefolius were analyzed using metagenomic and metabolomic approaches. The results showed relatively similar endophyte composition in roots and fibrils, but obvious differences between endophyte populations in stems and leaves. Species abundance analysis showed that at the phylum level, the dominant bacterial phylum was Cyanobacteria for roots, fibrils, stems and leaves, Ascomycota forroots and fibrils roots, and Basidiomycota for stems and leaves. LC-MS/MS technology was used to quantitatively analyze the metabolites in different tissues of P. quinquefolius. A total of 398 metabolites and 294 differential metaboliteswere identified, mainly organic acids, sugars, amino acids, polyphenols, and saponins. Most of the differential metabolites were enriched in metabolic pathways such as phenylpropane biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, citric acid cycle, and amino acid biosynthesis. Correlation analysis showed a positive and negative correlation between the endophytes and the differential metabolites. Conexibacter significantly enriched in root and fibril was significantly positively correlated with saponin differential metabolites, while cyberlindnera significantly enriched in stem and leaf was significantly negatively correlated with differential metabolites (p < 0.05).
The endophytic communities diversity were relatively similar in the roots and fibrils of P. quinquefolius, while there were greater differences between the stems and leaves. There was significant difference in metabolite content between different tissues of P. quinquefolius. Correlation analysis methods demonstrated a correlation between endophytes and differential metabolism.
由于具有丰富多样的药理作用，西洋参（Panax quinquefolius L.）被广泛应用于医学领域。内共生菌在西洋参的多种组织类型中定殖。然而，内共生菌与植物不同部位活性成分的产生之间的关系尚不清楚。
本研究采用宏基因组学和代谢组学方法分析了西洋参不同组织中内共生体的多样性及其代谢产物。结果表明，根和纤维中的内共生体组成相对相似，但茎和叶中的内共生体种群存在明显差异。物种丰度分析表明，在门水平上，根、纤维、茎和叶中的优势细菌门为蓝藻门，根和纤维中的优势真菌门为子囊菌门，茎和叶中的优势真菌门为担子菌门。LC-MS/MS 技术用于定量分析西洋参不同组织中的代谢产物。共鉴定出 398 种代谢物和 294 种差异代谢物，主要为有机酸、糖、氨基酸、多酚和皂苷。大多数差异代谢物富集在苯丙烷生物合成、黄酮类生物合成、柠檬酸循环和氨基酸生物合成等代谢途径中。相关性分析表明，内共生体与差异代谢物之间存在正相关和负相关。在根和纤维中显著富集的 Conexibacter 与皂苷差异代谢物呈显著正相关，而在茎和叶中显著富集的 Cyberlindnera 与差异代谢物呈显著负相关（p<0.05）。
西洋参的根和纤维中的内共生体群落多样性相对相似，而茎和叶之间的差异较大。西洋参不同组织之间的代谢产物含量存在显著差异。相关性分析方法表明内共生体与差异代谢之间存在相关性。
