Lima Marta R M, Felgueiras Mafalda L, Cunha Ana, Chicau Gisela, Ferreres Federico, Dias Alberto C P
Universidade do Minho, Departamento de Biologia, CITAB - Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambientais e Biológicas, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
Universidade do Minho, Departamento de Biologia, CITAB - Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambientais e Biológicas, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2017 Mar;112:45-52. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.12.020. Epub 2016 Dec 24.
Esca is a destructive disease of complex etiology affecting grapevines worldwide. A major constraint to the study and control of esca is that the disease is not diagnosed until external leaf and/or fruit symptoms are visible; however external symptoms usually appear several years after infection onset. We studied the phenolic content of V. vinifera cv. Alvarinho leaves using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS)/LC-MS. Leaves from affected cordons with and without visible symptoms (diseased and apparently healthy leaves, respectively) and leaves from asymptomatic cordons (healthy leaves) were analyzed. Application of principal components analysis (PCA) to HPLC data showed a clear separation between diseased, apparently healthy, and healthy leaves, with the apparently healthy leaves clustered in a medial position. Several compounds were highly correlated with diseased leaves indicating a differential phenolic production due to esca disease in V. vinifera cv. Alvarinho leaves. Total phenolic production was shown to significantly increase in diseased leaves, compared to healthy leaves, with apparently healthy leaves containing a medial amount. Trans-caffeoyltartaric acid, trans-coumaroyl-tartaric acid, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, kaempferol-3-glucoside and myricetin were identified among the compounds associated with disease and their content shown to change similarly to total phenolic production. This study shows that it is possible to discriminate between diseased, healthy and apparently healthy leaves by applying PCA to HPLC data.
葡萄枝干病害（Esca）是一种病因复杂的毁灭性病害，影响着全球的葡萄藤。对葡萄枝干病害进行研究和控制的一个主要制约因素是，直到叶片和/或果实出现外部症状才能诊断出该病害；然而，外部症状通常在感染开始数年之后才会出现。我们使用高效液相色谱 - 二极管阵列检测 - 质谱联用仪（HPLC - DAD - MS）/液相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（LC - MS）研究了酿酒葡萄品种阿尔瓦里尼奥（V. vinifera cv. Alvarinho）叶片的酚类物质含量。分析了来自有可见症状和无可见症状的受影响主蔓的叶片（分别为患病叶片和看似健康的叶片）以及来自无症状主蔓的叶片（健康叶片）。对HPLC数据进行主成分分析（PCA）显示，患病叶片、看似健康的叶片和健康叶片之间有明显区分，看似健康的叶片聚集在中间位置。有几种化合物与患病叶片高度相关，表明酿酒葡萄品种阿尔瓦里尼奥叶片因葡萄枝干病害而产生了不同的酚类物质。与健康叶片相比，患病叶片中的总酚类物质含量显著增加，看似健康的叶片中的总酚类物质含量处于中间水平。在与病害相关的化合物中鉴定出了反式咖啡酰酒石酸、反式香豆酰酒石酸、槲皮素 - 3 - O - 葡萄糖苷、槲皮素 - 3 - O - 半乳糖苷、山柰酚 - 3 - 葡萄糖苷和杨梅素，并且它们的含量变化与总酚类物质含量的变化相似。这项研究表明，通过对HPLC数据应用主成分分析，可以区分患病叶片、健康叶片和看似健康的叶片。
