Ren P, Yang X J, Kim J S, Menon D, Baidoo S K
Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States; Southern Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Waseca, MN 56093, United States.
Southern Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Waseca, MN 56093, United States.
Anim Reprod Sci. 2017 Feb;177:42-55. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.12.005. Epub 2016 Dec 14.
The present study investigated the effects of different feeding levels during 3 short periods of gestation on sow and litter performance and its impact on subsequent reproductive performance. A total of 160 multiparous sows were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments using a randomized complete block design with initial body weight (BW) and backfat (BF) as the blocking criteria. All sows were fed one common corn-soybean meal-based diet with the amount of 1.0×maintenance energy intake (100×BWkcalME/d) throughout gestation except 3 periods of 7 d when dietary treatments were imposed on d 27, d 55 and d 83 of gestation. During the 3 short periods, sows were fed 1 of 4 different feeding levels: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0×maintenance energy level (0.5M, 1.0M, 1.5M and 2.0M, respectively). Results showed that both BW gain (16.12, 24.74, 30.62 and 36.71kg, respectively) and BF change (-0.27, 0.99, 1.49 and 2.45mm, respectively) from d 27 to 109 of gestation increased linearly (P<0.01) with the increase of gestation feeding levels. In contrast, with the rise of gestation feeding levels, lactation BW gain (14.31, 9.84, 7.09 and 3.50kg, respectively) decreased linearly (P<0.01), while BF loss during lactation (-0.79, -0.92, -1.12 and -1.57mm, respectively) increased linearly (P=0.05). Additionally, average daily feed intake during lactation (7.05, 7.00, 6.91 and 6.52kg, respectively) tended to decrease linearly (P=0.09) in response to the increase of gestation feeding levels. Furthermore, piglet birth weights increased linearly (P<0.01) with the increase of gestation feeding levels, while piglet weaning weights were similar (P>0.10) among treatments. Subsequent reproductive performance was not affected (P>0.10) by feeding levels during the previous reproductive cycle. In conclusion, increasing feeding levels during 3 short periods of gestation increased BW and BF gains during gestation and caused less BW gain and more BF loss during lactation due to the reduction of lactation feed intake in response to increasing gestation feeding levels. Increasing feeding levels during 3 short periods of gestation increased piglet birth weight, but did not affect piglet weaning weight. The feeding strategies in the current reproductive cycle did not impact subsequent reproductive performance. It was estimated that requirements of 1.20M, 0.66M and 0.65M feeding levels were needed to maintain a constant BW during d 27-34, d 55-62 and d 83-90 of gestation, respectively, indicating current maintenance energy requirement may underestimate the actual maintenance energy requirement in the early gestation, but overestimate the actual maintenance energy requirement in the mid and late gestation.
本研究调查了妊娠期间3个短时期不同饲喂水平对母猪和仔猪性能的影响及其对后续繁殖性能的影响。总共160头经产母猪采用随机完全区组设计，以初始体重（BW）和背膘（BF）作为区组标准，分配到4种日粮处理中的1种。所有母猪在整个妊娠期都饲喂一种基于玉米-豆粕的普通日粮，饲喂量为1.0×维持能量摄入量（100×BW kcal ME/d），但在妊娠第27天、第55天和第83天这3个7天的时期实施日粮处理。在这3个短时期内，母猪饲喂4种不同饲喂水平中的1种：0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0×维持能量水平（分别为0.5M、1.0M、1.5M和2.0M）。结果表明，从妊娠第27天到109天，BW增加量（分别为16.12、24.74、30.62和36.71kg）和BF变化量（分别为-0.27、0.99、1.49和2.45mm）均随妊娠饲喂水平的增加呈线性增加（P<0.01）。相反，随着妊娠饲喂水平的升高，泌乳期BW增加量（分别为14.31、9.84、7.09和3.50kg）呈线性下降（P<0.01），而泌乳期BF损失量（分别为-0.79、-0.92、-1.12和-1.57mm）呈线性增加（P=0.05）。此外，泌乳期平均日采食量（分别为7.05、7.00、6.91和6.52kg）随着妊娠饲喂水平的增加呈线性下降趋势（P=0.09）。此外，仔猪出生体重随妊娠饲喂水平的增加呈线性增加（P<0.01），而各处理间仔猪断奶体重相似（P>0.10）。前一繁殖周期的饲喂水平对后续繁殖性能没有影响（P>0.10）。总之，妊娠期间3个短时期提高饲喂水平会增加妊娠期的BW和BF增加量，并且由于泌乳期采食量因妊娠饲喂水平增加而减少，导致泌乳期BW增加量减少和BF损失量增加。妊娠期间3个短时期提高饲喂水平会增加仔猪出生体重，但不影响仔猪断奶体重。当前繁殖周期的饲喂策略不影响后续繁殖性能。据估计，在妊娠第27 - 34天、第55 - 62天和第83 - 90天期间，分别需要1.20M、0.66M和0.65M的饲喂水平来维持恒定的BW，这表明当前的维持能量需求可能低估了妊娠早期的实际维持能量需求，但高估了妊娠中期和晚期的实际维持能量需求。
