Chapman C E, Chester-Jones H, Ziegler D, Clapper J A, Erickson P S
Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824.
University of Minnesota Southern Research and Outreach Center, Waseca 56093.
J Dairy Sci. 2017 Mar;100(3):1712-1719. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11893. Epub 2016 Dec 29.
The objective of this 70-d study was to determine the effects of the essential oil cinnamaldehyde compared with the ionophore monensin on performance of weaned Holstein dairy heifers. Eighty-four Holstein dairy heifers (91 ± 3.33 d of age; 109 ± 7.55 kg) were housed in a naturally ventilated curtain sidewall, straw-bedded barn in 12 pens with 7 heifers/pen (3.98 m/head). Heifers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a completely randomized design: (1) control (CON; carrier, 908 g of ground corn), (2) monensin sodium [MON; 1 mg/kg of body weight (BW) + carrier], (3) cinnamaldehyde (CIN1; 1 mg/kg of BW + carrier), or (4) cinnamaldehyde (CIN2; 2 mg/kg of BW + carrier). The treatments were hand-mixed into a 20% crude protein (CP) whole shelled corn and protein pellet mix fed at 2.21 kg/heifer daily. Heifers had access to free-choice hay and water daily. Initial BW and hip heights were taken at the start of the study and every other week thereafter until calves reached 23 wk of age. Blood samples were also taken on each weigh day to determine plasma urea nitrogen, glucose, and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations. Fecal samples were taken from the same 3 heifers/pen initially and then at d 28, 56, and 70 of the study for coccidia counts. Cinnamaldehyde had no performance effects on growth, hay intake, hip height, or blood metabolites compared with MON or CON. Average daily gains were 0.98, 0.99, 1.01, and 1.03 kg/d, and average hay intakes per pen were 17.08, 16.34, 18.11, and 17.60 kg/d for CON, MON, CIN1, and CIN2, respectively. Fecal samples by pens indicated the presence of viable coccidia, but the counts were low and not consistent across heifers within each pen. No benefits were associated with supplementing cinnamaldehyde or monensin into grain mixes for weaned heifers.
这项为期70天的研究旨在确定与离子载体莫能菌素相比，香精油肉桂醛对断奶荷斯坦奶牛小母牛生产性能的影响。84头荷斯坦奶牛小母牛（年龄91±3.33天；体重109±7.55千克）被安置在一个自然通风的带窗帘侧壁、铺有稻草的牛舍中，分12个栏舍，每栏7头小母牛（每头小母牛占3.98平方米）。小母牛按照完全随机设计被随机分配到4种处理中的一种：（1）对照组（CON；载体，908克磨碎的玉米），（2）莫能菌素钠[MON；1毫克/千克体重（BW）+载体]，（3）肉桂醛（CIN1；1毫克/千克体重+载体），或（4）肉桂醛（CIN2；2毫克/千克体重+载体）。将这些处理手工混合到一种20%粗蛋白（CP）的全玉米粒和蛋白质颗粒混合物中，每天以2.21千克/头小母牛的量喂食。小母牛每天可自由采食干草和饮水。在研究开始时以及此后每隔一周测量一次初始体重和臀高，直到犊牛达到23周龄。在每次称重日也采集血样，以测定血浆尿素氮、葡萄糖和胰岛素样生长因子-1的浓度。最初从每个栏舍的相同3头小母牛采集粪便样本，然后在研究的第28天、56天和70天采集，用于球虫计数。与MON或CON相比，肉桂醛对生长、干草采食量、臀高或血液代谢产物没有生产性能方面的影响。CON、MON、CIN1和CIN2组的平均日增重分别为0.98、0.99、1.01和1.03千克/天，每个栏舍的平均干草采食量分别为17.08、16.34、18.11和17.60千克/天。按栏舍采集的粪便样本表明存在活的球虫，但计数较低，且每个栏舍内的小母牛之间不一致。给断奶小母牛的谷物混合物中添加肉桂醛或莫能菌素没有益处。
