Sabzi Khoshnami Mohammad, Mohammadi Elham, Addelyan Rasi Hamideh, Khankeh Hamid Reza, Arshi Maliheh
Department of Social Work, Research Center of Social Welfare Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science (USWR), Tehran, Iran.
Department of Social Work, Faculty of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University (ATU), Tehran, Iran.
Burns. 2017 May;43(3):608-618. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2016.10.003. Epub 2016 Dec 30.
Acid attack, a worldwide phenomenon, has been increasing in recent years. In addition to severe injuries to the face and body, such violence leads to psychological and social problems that affect the survivors' quality of life. The present study provides a more in-depth understanding of this phenomenon and explores the nature and dimensions of acid attacks based on survivors' experiences.
A grounded theory study using semi-structured, recorded interviews and applying purposeful theoretical sampling was conducted with 12 acid attack survivors in Iran. Data were analysed using constant comparison in open, axial and selective coding stages.
A conceptual model was developed to explain the relationships among the main categories extracted through the grounded theory study. Physical and psychological wounds emerged as a core category. Traditional context and extreme beauty value in society acted as the context of the physical and psychological wounds experienced. Living with a drug abuser with behavioural disorders and lack of problem-solving skills in interpersonal conflict were found to be causal conditions. Action strategies to deal with this experience were found to be composed of individual, interpersonal and structural levels. Education, percentage and place of burning acted as intervening conditions that influenced survivors' strategies. Finally, adverse consequences of social deprivation and feeling helpless and hindered were found to have an important impact.
Acid attack lead to physical and psychological wounds in survivors. This is a multi-dimensional phenomenon involving illness, disability, and victimization, and requires a wide range of strategies at different levels. The conceptual model derived through this study can serve as a good basis for intervention programs.
泼酸袭击是一种全球现象，近年来呈上升趋势。除了面部和身体受到严重伤害外，此类暴力还会导致心理和社会问题，影响幸存者的生活质量。本研究对这一现象进行了更深入的了解，并基于幸存者的经历探讨了泼酸袭击的性质和层面。
在伊朗对12名泼酸袭击幸存者进行了一项扎根理论研究，采用半结构化的录音访谈，并运用目的抽样法。在开放编码、主轴编码和选择编码阶段，使用持续比较法对数据进行分析。
构建了一个概念模型，以解释通过扎根理论研究提取的主要类别之间的关系。身体和心理创伤成为一个核心类别。社会中的传统背景和极端的审美观念是所经历的身体和心理创伤的背景。与有行为障碍的吸毒者生活在一起以及在人际冲突中缺乏解决问题的技能被发现是因果条件。应对这种经历的行动策略被发现由个人、人际和结构层面组成。教育程度、烧伤面积和部位是影响幸存者策略的干预条件。最后，社会剥夺以及感到无助和受阻碍的不良后果被发现具有重要影响。
泼酸袭击给幸存者带来身体和心理创伤。这是一个涉及疾病、残疾和受害的多维度现象，需要在不同层面采取广泛的策略。通过本研究得出的概念模型可为干预项目提供良好的基础。
