Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2023 Dec;24(5):2953-2965. doi: 10.1177/15248380221121288. Epub 2022 Sep 5.
Attacks perpetrated using acid are a particular form of interpersonal violence, possibly one of the most heinous manifestations of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Acid attacks are mainly motivated by extramarital cheating, marital conflicts, women's rejection of marriage proposals, and sexual advances. As these attacks are not well understood from a psychological perspective, we conducted a systematic review, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, of 284 articles identified, 13 were eligible for inclusion. Three main focuses were identified: "Risk and vulnerability factors," "Consequences and implications," and "Interventions and treatments." Acid attacks seem to be more frequent in countries where social and economic development leads to greater tensions over traditional gender roles like Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India. Identified risk factors were young age, low socioeconomic status, low educational attainment, ethnicity, unemployment status of the victim, alcohol, and drug use of the perpetrator. Among the main psychosocial consequences of acid attacks, isolation and social exclusion emerged. Additionally, the paper will discuss the role of mental health consequences and specific treatments from psychological, clinical, and medical-legal points of view.
使用酸进行的攻击是一种特殊形式的人际暴力，可能是亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）最恶劣的表现形式之一。酸袭击主要是由婚外情、婚姻冲突、女性拒绝求婚和性侵犯引起的。由于这些攻击在心理学上没有得到很好的理解，我们按照系统评价和荟萃分析（PRISMA）指南对 284 篇文章进行了系统审查，其中 13 篇符合纳入标准。确定了三个主要关注点：“风险和脆弱性因素”、“后果和影响”和“干预和治疗”。酸袭击似乎在社会和经济发展导致传统性别角色更加紧张的国家更为常见，如孟加拉国、巴基斯坦和印度。确定的风险因素包括年龄较小、社会经济地位较低、教育程度较低、种族、受害者的失业状况、酒精和犯罪者的药物使用。在酸袭击的主要心理社会后果中，出现了孤立和社会排斥。此外，本文还将从心理、临床和医学法律角度讨论心理健康后果和特定治疗的作用。
