Seité S, Del Marmol V, Moyal D, Friedman A J
La Roche-Posay Dermatological Laboratories, Asnières, France.
Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017 May;31(5):815-820. doi: 10.1111/jdv.14104. Epub 2017 Feb 8.
The incidence of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer is continuing to increase worldwide, with sun exposure serving as the primary external aetiologic force in its development. Despite noticeable public health efforts, there continue to be gaps in public awareness and primary and secondary prevention mechanisms. This survey study sought to investigate preventative behaviours regarding sun exposure and skin cancer detection at an international scale.
A questionnaire was submitted, both online and by telephone, to a representative sample (based on official demographic statistics on gender, age and region) of people aged from 15 to 65 originating from 23 countries. Questions dealt with demographics, sun exposure and protection, risk knowledge, self-examination, medical advice seeking. Data were then gathered and analysed at different levels.
A total of 19 569 respondents were recruited. Overall, sunscreen and sunglasses were the most used measures for sun protection. There were however difference between countries and geographical areas. Some high-risk countries in terms of sun exposure (according to their location to Equator) exhibited higher rates of primary preventative behaviours, in particular Australia, Chile and Greece. There were also discrepancies between countries regarding secondary prevention through self-examination and medical advice seeking. Young people, men, individuals belonging to a lower socio-economic class or having a lower education level were all least likely to know or follow primary and secondary preventive measures.
We found imperfections and geographical inequality both regarding primary and secondary prevention of skin cancer. Our study provides insights that could help to target populations more effectively through information campaigns embedded into the global needed endeavour aiming to reduce mid- and long-term development of skin cancer.
黑色素瘤和非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的发病率在全球范围内持续上升，阳光照射是其发病的主要外部病因。尽管在公共卫生方面做出了显著努力，但公众意识以及一级和二级预防机制仍存在差距。这项调查研究旨在在国际范围内调查与阳光照射和皮肤癌检测相关的预防行为。
通过在线和电话方式，向来自23个国家的15至65岁的具有代表性样本（基于性别、年龄和地区的官方人口统计数据）发放问卷。问题涉及人口统计学、阳光照射与防护、风险知识、自我检查、寻求医疗建议等方面。然后在不同层面收集和分析数据。
共招募了19569名受访者。总体而言，防晒霜和太阳镜是最常用的防晒措施。然而，不同国家和地理区域之间存在差异。一些在阳光照射方面属于高风险的国家（根据其与赤道的位置关系）表现出较高的一级预防行为发生率，特别是澳大利亚、智利和希腊。在通过自我检查和寻求医疗建议进行二级预防方面，不同国家之间也存在差异。年轻人、男性、社会经济阶层较低或教育水平较低的人最不可能了解或遵循一级和二级预防措施。
我们发现皮肤癌的一级和二级预防均存在缺陷和地理不平等。我们的研究提供了一些见解，有助于通过融入全球所需努力的信息宣传活动更有效地针对特定人群，以减少皮肤癌的中长期发展。
