加拿大在职人员代表性样本中有害职业噪声暴露、听力损失及听力保护用品使用情况的患病率
Prevalence of Hazardous Occupational Noise Exposure, Hearing Loss, and Hearing Protection Usage Among a Representative Sample of Working Canadians.
作者信息
Feder Katya, Michaud David, McNamee James, Fitzpatrick Elizabeth, Davies Hugh, Leroux Tony
机构信息
Health Effects and Assessment Division, Health Canada (Drs Feder, Michaud, McNamee), Audiology & Speech-language Pathology Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario (Dr Fitzpatrick), Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Population & Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (Dr Davies), and École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, Université de Montréal, Faculté de médecine, Montréal, Québec, Canada (Dr Leroux).
出版信息
J Occup Environ Med. 2017 Jan;59(1):92-113. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000920.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hearing loss (HL), self-reported occupational noise exposure, and hearing protection usage among Canadians.
METHODS
In-person household interviews were conducted with 3666 participants, aged 16 to 79 years (1811 males) with 94% completing audiometry and distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) evaluations. Occupational noise exposure was defined as hazardous when communicating with coworkers at an arm's length distance required speaking in a raised voice.
RESULTS
An estimated 42% of respondents reported hazardous occupational noise exposure; 10 years or more was associated with HL regardless of age, sex or education. Absent DPOAEs, tinnitus, and the Wilson audiometric notch were significantly more prevalent in hazardous workplace noise-exposed workers than in nonexposed. When mandatory, 80% reported wearing hearing protection.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings are consistent with other industrialized countries, underscoring the need for ongoing awareness of noise-induced occupational HL.
目的
本研究旨在评估加拿大人听力损失（HL）的患病率、自我报告的职业噪声暴露情况以及听力保护措施的使用情况。
方法
对3666名年龄在16至79岁之间的参与者（1811名男性）进行了面对面的家庭访谈，其中94%的人完成了听力测定和畸变产物耳声发射（DPOAE）评估。当与距离一臂远的同事交流需要提高音量时，职业噪声暴露被定义为危险暴露。
结果
估计42%的受访者报告有危险的职业噪声暴露；无论年龄、性别或教育程度如何，暴露10年或更长时间与听力损失有关。在危险工作场所噪声暴露的工人中，DPOAE缺失、耳鸣和威尔逊听力计切迹的患病率明显高于未暴露者。当有强制要求时，80%的人报告佩戴了听力保护装置。
结论
这些发现与其他工业化国家一致，强调了持续关注噪声引起的职业性听力损失的必要性。
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