Asakura Keiko, Masayasu Shizuko, Sasaki Satoshi
Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2017 Jan;26(1):118-129. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.112015.02.
Constipation is a common complaint in children, which is not fatal but can affect quality of life. Several lifestyle-related risk factors for constipation have been reported, particularly dietary factors, but results have been inconsistent. Here, we examined the relationship of dietary and lifestyle factors with constipation in Japanese preschool children using data of a nationwide study.
Subjects were 5,309 children aged 5 to 6 years at 380 nursery schools in 44 of 47 prefectures in Japan. Children having three or fewer bowel movements per week were considered constipated. Dietary intake data was collected using a validated brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire for Japanese preschool children, and information about general lifestyle was collected using a 4-page questionnaire designed for this study. Multivariateadjusted odds ratios for constipation were calculated by logistic regression.
Higher dietary fiber intake was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of constipation (adjusted odds ratio: 0.62, p for trend: 0.005), but higher carbohydrate intake was marginally associated with a higher prevalence of constipation. Intake of potatoes, pulses, vegetables, and fruits intake decreased constipation prevalence, whereas higher rice intake was significantly and independently associated with higher prevalence of constipation. Regarding lifestyle factors, high physical activity and sufficient preparation time for breakfast and dinner for guardians were significantly associated with lower prevalence. Prevalence tended to be negatively associated with a higher educational background of the mother.
Several lifestyle factors were associated with a lower prevalence of constipation among Japanese preschool children, including dietary fiber intake.
便秘是儿童常见的问题，虽不致命但会影响生活质量。已有报道称便秘与多种生活方式相关的风险因素有关，尤其是饮食因素，但其结果并不一致。在此，我们利用一项全国性研究的数据，探讨了日本学龄前儿童饮食和生活方式因素与便秘之间的关系。
研究对象为日本47个都道府县中44个地区380所幼儿园的5309名5至6岁儿童。每周排便次数为三次及以下的儿童被视为便秘。使用经过验证的针对日本学龄前儿童的简短型自填式饮食史问卷收集饮食摄入数据，并使用为本研究设计的4页问卷收集一般生活方式信息。通过逻辑回归计算便秘的多变量调整比值比。
膳食纤维摄入量较高与便秘患病率较低显著相关（调整后的比值比：0.62，趋势p值：0.005），但碳水化合物摄入量较高与便秘患病率略高相关。土豆、豆类、蔬菜和水果的摄入量降低了便秘患病率，而大米摄入量较高与便秘患病率较高显著且独立相关。关于生活方式因素，高体力活动以及监护人准备早餐和晚餐的充足时间与较低的患病率显著相关。患病率往往与母亲较高的教育背景呈负相关。
包括膳食纤维摄入量在内的多种生活方式因素与日本学龄前儿童便秘患病率较低有关。
