Gupta Manisha, Rana Sudhir Kumar, Mittal Sanjiv Kumar, Sinha R N P
Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences , Patel Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India .
Professor and Head, Department of Paediatrics, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences , Patel Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India .
J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Nov;10(11):SC09-SC11. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/16026.8866. Epub 2016 Nov 1.
Amblyopia is one of the common causes of childhood visual impairment. The prevalence of amblyopia usually varies according to the age group of the studied population and the factors prevailing in that region. The upper limit of the critical time when amblyopia can develop is around eight years of age and it can be permanent if corrective measures are not taken in time.
The purpose of study was to know the profile and pattern of amblyopia in children aged 5-15 years with refractive error in Uttarakhand and to compare it with national and regional (South Asian) studies.
In the present retrospective cross-sectional study, 360 children from 5-15 yrs of age who attended the OPD during the period between September 2014 to February 2015, had undergone detailed Ophthalmic examination. The children having vision < 6/12 with out organic lesion were included in the study. The children with strabismus, previous ocular surgery and ocular diseases were excluded. Chi-Square test was done for statistical analysis (IBM SPSS Version 23).
The percentage of amblyopia was 8.6% (n=31) with insignificant gender variation (p-value>0.05). Amblyopia due to astigmatism (combined) was in 41.93% (n=13) followed by Hypermetropia [32.25% (n=10)] and least in myopia [25.8% (n=8)]. In 51.61% cases age of presentation was 5-10 years while rest belonged to > 10 years of age. Binocular amblyopia was more (58.06%) then unilateral amblyopia (41.93%).
Refractory errors are second most common cause of paediatrc amblyopia. Amblyopia and associated strabismus can have devastating psychosocial and economical fall outs. Our study emphasizes the need of visual screening of school children and prescribing them correct spectacles at appropriate time.
弱视是儿童视力损害的常见原因之一。弱视的患病率通常因所研究人群的年龄组以及该地区普遍存在的因素而有所不同。弱视可能发生的临界时间上限约为8岁，如果不及时采取矫正措施，弱视可能会成为永久性的。
本研究的目的是了解北阿坎德邦5至15岁屈光不正儿童的弱视情况和模式，并将其与全国和地区（南亚）的研究进行比较。
在本次回顾性横断面研究中，对2014年9月至2015年2月期间到门诊就诊的360名5至15岁儿童进行了详细的眼科检查。视力低于6/12且无器质性病变的儿童被纳入研究。患有斜视、既往眼部手术史和眼部疾病的儿童被排除在外。采用卡方检验进行统计分析（IBM SPSS 23版）。
弱视的发生率为8.6%（n = 31），性别差异无统计学意义（p值>0.05）。散光（合并）导致的弱视占41.93%（n = 13），其次是远视[32.25%（n = 10）]，近视导致的弱视最少[25.8%（n = 8）]。51.61%的病例就诊年龄为5至10岁，其余病例年龄大于10岁。双眼弱视（58.06%）多于单眼弱视（41.93%）。
屈光不正为儿童弱视的第二大常见原因。弱视及相关斜视可产生严重的心理社会和经济后果。我们的研究强调了对学童进行视力筛查并在适当时间为他们开具合适眼镜的必要性。
