Fisher Zedeena E, Rodríguez José E, Campbell Kendall M
From the Center for Underrepresented Minorities in Academic Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Utah, and Diversity and Inclusion, Brody School of Medicine, Eastern Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
South Med J. 2017 Jan;110(1):11-17. doi: 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000000593.
Tenure policies in US medical schools have been under scrutiny for decades while black/African American, Latino, and Native American faculty continue to be underrepresented in medicine. As medical institutions seek to improve diversity, tenure continues to be a major retention tool. We undertook a systematic review of the literature to investigate the role that tenure plays in the recruitment, retention, and advancement of underrepresented minorities in medicine (URMM) faculty in academic medicine.
We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Knowledge, the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and the Education Resources Information Center for articles relating to URMM faculty and tenure. Articles published in the last 20 years, in English, that discussed recruitment or retention of women, URMM faculty, and tenure in academic medicine, and were of high quality based on data were included in the study. Narrative reviews, opinion, editorials, and letters to the editor were excluded.
Of the 1038 articles we reviewed, 23 met the criteria for inclusion. Tenure was associated with leadership, higher salaries, and comfort in the work environment. URMM faculty comprised the lowest percentage of tenured faculty in academic medicine, with the highest percentage pertaining to white men.
More research needs to be done to determine whether tenure status can improve the number of URMM faculty in academic medicine. Tenure may provide URMM faculty the benefits that they need to progress in their careers and remain in academic medicine.
几十年来，美国医学院的终身教职政策一直受到审视，而黑人/非裔美国人、拉丁裔和美国原住民教员在医学领域的代表性仍然不足。随着医疗机构寻求提高多样性，终身教职仍然是一项主要的留用工具。我们对文献进行了系统综述，以调查终身教职在医学学术领域中代表性不足的少数族裔（URMM）教员的招聘、留用和晋升中所起的作用。
我们在PubMed、谷歌学术、知识网络、护理及相关健康文献累积索引和教育资源信息中心搜索了与URMM教员和终身教职相关的文章。纳入研究的文章为过去20年发表的英文文章，讨论了医学学术领域中女性、URMM教员的招聘或留用以及终身教职，并且基于数据具有高质量。排除叙述性综述、观点、社论和给编辑的信件。
在我们审查的1038篇文章中，23篇符合纳入标准。终身教职与领导力、更高的薪资以及工作环境中的舒适度相关。URMM教员在医学学术领域终身教职教员中所占比例最低，白人男性所占比例最高。
需要进行更多研究以确定终身教职身份是否能增加医学学术领域中URMM教员的数量。终身教职可能为URMM教员提供其职业发展和留在医学学术领域所需的益处。
