Siebert Anne-Kathrin, Obeid Rima, Weder Stine, Awwad Hussain M, Sputtek Andreas, Geisel Juergen, Keller Markus
Institute of Alternative and Sustainable Nutrition, Biebertal, Giessen, Germany.
Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Mar;105(3):618-625. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.141978. Epub 2017 Jan 4.
The oral application of vitamin B-12 may prevent its deficiency if the vitamin is absorbed via the mucosal barrier. We studied the effect of the use of a vitamin B-12-fortified toothpaste on vitamin-status markers in vegans and assessed the efficiency of markers in the identification of vitamin-augmentation status. In this 12-wk, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study, 76 vegans received either a placebo ( = 34) or vitamin B-12 ( = 42) toothpaste. Sixty-six subjects ( = 30 in the placebo arm; = 36 in the vitamin B-12 arm) completed the intervention. Serum and plasma concentrations of vitamin B-12, holotranscobalamin, total homocysteine (tHcy), and methylmalonic acid (MMA) were measured before and after the intervention. Both postintervention concentrations of vitamin B-12 and holotranscobalamin and their changes over 12 wk were higher in the vitamin B-12 group (mean ± SD change: 81 ± 135 pmol/L for vitamin B-12 and 26 ± 34 pmol/L for holotranscobalamin) than in the placebo group (-27 ± 64 and -5 ± 17 pmol/L, respectively) after adjustment for baseline concentrations. Postintervention concentrations of MMA and their changes differed significantly between groups (MMA changes: -0.169 ± 0.340 compared with -0.036 ± 0.544 μmol/L in vitamin B-12 and placebo groups, respectively; < 0.001). After adjustment for baseline tHcy, postintervention concentrations of tHcy tended to be lower ( = 0.051), and the changes in tHcy (-0.7 ± 4.4 compared with 2.0 ± 5.6 μmol/L, respectively) were greater in the vitamin B-12 group than in the placebo group. Changes in vitamin B-12 markers were more prominent in vegans who reported that they had not taken vitamin B-12 supplements. Vitamin B-12 that is applied to the oral cavity via toothpaste enters the circulation and corrects the vitamin B-12 markers in the blood of vegans who are at higher risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02679833.
如果维生素B - 12通过黏膜屏障被吸收，口服维生素B - 12可能会预防其缺乏。我们研究了使用添加维生素B - 12的牙膏对纯素食者维生素状态标志物的影响，并评估了这些标志物在识别维生素补充状态方面的有效性。在这项为期12周的双盲、随机、安慰剂对照研究中，76名纯素食者分别使用安慰剂牙膏（n = 34）或含维生素B - 12的牙膏（n = 42）。66名受试者（安慰剂组30名；维生素B - 12组36名）完成了干预。在干预前后测量血清和血浆中维生素B - 12、全转钴胺素、总同型半胱氨酸（tHcy）和甲基丙二酸（MMA）的浓度。在对基线浓度进行调整后，维生素B - 12组干预后维生素B - 12和全转钴胺素的浓度及其在12周内的变化均高于安慰剂组（维生素B - 12的平均±标准差变化：81±135 pmol/L，全转钴胺素为26±34 pmol/L），安慰剂组分别为 - 27±64和 - 5±17 pmol/L。两组间干预后MMA的浓度及其变化差异显著（MMA变化：维生素B - 12组为 - 0.169±0.340，安慰剂组为 - 0.036±
0.544 μmol/L；P < 0.001）。在对基线tHcy进行调整后，干预后tHcy的浓度趋于降低（P = 0.051），维生素B - 12组tHcy的变化（ - 0.7±4.4与2.0±5.6 μmol/L相比）大于安慰剂组。在报告未服用维生素B - 12补充剂的纯素食者中，维生素B - 12标志物的变化更为显著。通过牙膏应用于口腔的维生素B - 12进入循环系统，并纠正了维生素B - 12缺乏风险较高的纯素食者血液中的维生素B - 12标志物。该试验已在clinicaltrials.gov上注册，注册号为NCT02679833。
