烤紫菜（海苔）对素食者维生素 B 营养状况的影响：一项剂量反应试验。

Effect of roasted purple laver (nori) on vitamin B nutritional status of vegetarians: a dose-response trial.

机构信息

Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.

Division of Applied Bioresource Chemistry, the United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.

出版信息

Eur J Nutr. 2024 Dec;63(8):3269-3279. doi: 10.1007/s00394-024-03505-9. Epub 2024 Oct 1.

DOI:10.1007/s00394-024-03505-9

PMID:39352476

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11519184/

Abstract

PURPOSE

To investigate the bioavailability of vitamin B from nori and to evaluate the required dosage for improving vitamin B nutritional status in vegetarians not using supplements.

METHODS

The study design is an open-label, parallel, dose-response randomized controlled trial. Thirty vegetarians were assigned to control (no nori), low-dose (5 g nori, aiming to provide 2.4 µg vitamin B per day), or high-dose (8 g nori, aiming to provide 4 µg vitamin B per day) groups. The primary outcome was changes in vitamin B status as measured by serum vitamin B, holotranscobalamin (holoTC), homocysteine (Hcy), and methylmalonic acid (MMA), and a combined score of these four markers (4cB12 score) during the four-week intervention. Dietary vitamin B intakes were assessed at baseline and end of the trial with a 17-item food frequency questionnaire designed for vitamin B assessment. General linear model was used to compare least square means of changes in each biomarker of vitamin B status, among the three groups, while adjusting for respective baseline biomarker.

RESULTS

After adjusting for baseline status, nori consumption led to significant improvement in serum vitamin B (among-group P-value = 0.0029), holoTC (P = 0.0127), Hcy (P = 0.0225), and 4cB12 (P = 0.0094). Changes in MMA did not differ significantly across groups, but showed within-group pre-post improvement in the low-dose group (median [p25, p75] = -339 [-461, -198] nmol/L). Vitamin B status appeared to plateau at low dose (5 g of nori), which compared with control group, improved serum vitamin B (lease square mean [95% CI] = + 59 [25, 93] pmol/L, P = 0.0014); holoTC (+ 28.2 [10.1, 46.3] pmol/L, P = 0.0035); Hcy (-3.7 [-6.8, -0.6] µmol/L, p = 0.0226); and 4cB12 score (+ 0.67 [0.24, 1.09], p = 0.0036). High-dose resulted in similar improvements. There was no significant difference between low-dose and high-dose groups in all biomarkers of vitamin B.

CONCLUSIONS

Consuming 5 g of nori per day for 4 weeks significantly improved vitamin B status in vegetarians. A higher dose (8 g) may not confer additional benefits.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05614960. Date of registration: November 14th 2022.

摘要

目的

研究紫菜中维生素 B 的生物利用度，并评估素食者在不使用补充剂的情况下改善维生素 B 营养状况所需的剂量。

方法

研究设计为开放标签、平行、剂量反应随机对照试验。将 30 名素食者分为对照组（不食用紫菜）、低剂量组（5g 紫菜，旨在提供每天 2.4μg 维生素 B）和高剂量组（8g 紫菜，旨在提供每天 4μg 维生素 B）。主要结局是血清维生素 B、全钴胺素（holoTC）、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）和甲基丙二酸（MMA）的维生素 B 状态变化，以及这四个标志物的综合评分（4cB12 评分）在四周干预期间的变化。采用专门设计用于评估维生素 B 的 17 项食物频率问卷，在基线和试验结束时评估膳食维生素 B 摄入量。采用一般线性模型比较三组间各维生素 B 状态生物标志物的最小二乘均值变化，同时调整各自的基线生物标志物。

结果

在调整基线状态后，紫菜的摄入导致血清维生素 B（组间 P 值=0.0029）、holoTC（P=0.0127）、Hcy（P=0.0225）和 4cB12（P=0.0094）显著改善。MMA 的变化在组间无显著差异，但低剂量组在组内出现了前后改善（中位数[p25，p75]=-339[-461，-198]nmol/L）。维生素 B 状态在低剂量（5g 紫菜）时似乎达到了平台期，与对照组相比，血清维生素 B 得到改善（最小二乘均值[95%CI]

=+59[25，93]pmol/L，P=0.0014）；holoTC（+28.2[10.1，46.3]pmol/L，P=0.0035）；Hcy（-3.7[-6.8，-0.6]µmol/L，P=0.0226）；和 4cB12 评分（+0.67[0.24，1.09]，P=0.0036）。高剂量也有类似的改善。在所有维生素 B 生物标志物中，低剂量组和高剂量组之间均无显著差异。