Schuld J, Glanemann M
Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Knappschaftsklinikum Saar, 66280, Sulzbach/Saar, Deutschland.
Klinik für Allgemeine Chirurgie, Viszeral-, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland.
Chirurg. 2017 Feb;88(2):123-130. doi: 10.1007/s00104-016-0342-7.
Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most frequent tumor entities worldwide. The treatment of elderly and mostly polymorbid patients is an outstanding challenge in view of the demographic change with a continuously aging community. Due to the demographic changes the numbers of elderly (>65 years) and very old (≥80 years) patients are steadily increasing in surgical cohorts. This has resulted in higher morbidity and mortality rates in comparison to younger patients, with increased wound healing and cardiovascular complications but with comparable numbers of anastomotic insufficiency. Multivariate analysis revealed age ≥80 years, higher ASA status and emergency operations as independent risk factors for increased in-hospital mortality. With respect to the localization of colorectal cancer a shift to the right has been observed with increasing patient age. Whether minimally invasive surgical techniques can reduce postoperative morbidity and mortality rates in elderly patients requires further evaluation. Nevertheless, a reduction of both was reported without compromising the oncological result. Elderly patients require individualized treatment modalities, which take the extent of comorbidities and personal environment into consideration. So far, the cohort of octogenarians has not been adequately considered in current guidelines; therefore, geriatric expertise is recommended to be able to make a better assessment of benefit-risk ratios, as age itself has no impact on the decision for therapy.
结直肠癌是全球最常见的肿瘤类型之一。鉴于人口结构变化导致社会持续老龄化,治疗老年且大多患有多种疾病的患者是一项严峻挑战。由于人口结构变化,手术队列中年龄较大(>65岁)和非常年老(≥80岁)的患者数量在稳步增加。与年轻患者相比,这导致了更高的发病率和死亡率,伤口愈合和心血管并发症增加,但吻合口漏的数量相当。多变量分析显示,年龄≥80岁、较高的美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级状态和急诊手术是住院死亡率增加的独立危险因素。关于结直肠癌的部位,随着患者年龄的增加,已观察到向右侧转移的趋势。微创外科技术是否能降低老年患者的术后发病率和死亡率需要进一步评估。尽管如此,有报道称两者均有所降低,且未影响肿瘤学结果。老年患者需要个体化的治疗方式,要考虑到合并症的程度和个人环境。到目前为止,当前指南尚未充分考虑八旬老人这一群体;因此,建议具备老年医学专业知识,以便能够更好地评估获益风险比,因为年龄本身对治疗决策没有影响。