Araban Marzieh, Baharzadeh Khadije, Karimy Mahmood
Social Determinants of Health, Research center, Health Education and Health Promotion Department, Public Health School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Health Education and Health Promotion Department, Public Health School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Eur J Public Health. 2017 Apr 1;27(2):287-292. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw238.
The amount of calories and nutrients required for woman increase during pregnancy and Intake adequate amounts of nutrients is essential for the health of mother and foetal. This study was designed to investigate the effect of nutrition education based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on calories, iron and folic acid intake for pregnant women.
This quasi-experimental study was performed on 76 pregnant women referring to four urban health centres of Khuzestan at 2015. Two education sessions were held covering items on nutrition during pregnancy. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire, HBM questionnaire (CVI= 0.89, CVI = 0.83 and Cronbach's alpha = 0.84) and 3-day food record form. Data collection tool was valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire based on the HBM. Data analysis was done applying Chi-squared t -test, Mann-Whitney U -test and Wilcoxon test using SPSS 15.
Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the mean of calories, iron and folic acid intake in both groups. But after intervention, it was significant ( P <0.05). Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of health belief model constructs ( P > 0.05), but the difference was significant after intervention ( P < 0.05).
Educational intervention strategies based on HBM can improve dietary iron and folic acid intake in pregnant women in primary health care setting. Since anaemia is one of the leading indirect causes of maternal mortality and it is easily preventable, our findings have critical public health implications and perhaps might be used in evidence-based decision making by authority bodies.
孕期女性对热量和营养素的需求量会增加，摄入充足的营养素对母婴健康至关重要。本研究旨在探讨基于健康信念模型（HBM）的营养教育对孕妇热量、铁和叶酸摄入量的影响。
2015年，对76名前往胡齐斯坦省四个城市健康中心就诊的孕妇进行了这项准实验研究。举办了两次教育课程，内容涵盖孕期营养项目。通过人口统计学问卷、健康信念模型问卷（内容效度指数CVI = 0.89，CVI = 0.83，克朗巴哈系数α = 0.84）和3天食物记录表格收集数据。数据收集工具是基于健康信念模型的有效且可靠的自填式问卷。使用SPSS 15软件进行数据分析，应用卡方t检验、曼-惠特尼U检验和威尔科克森检验。
干预前，两组的热量、铁和叶酸摄入量均值之间无显著差异。但干预后，差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。干预前，两组在健康信念模型结构方面无显著差异（P > 0.05），但干预后差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。
基于健康信念模型的教育干预策略可改善初级卫生保健环境中孕妇的膳食铁和叶酸摄入量。由于贫血是孕产妇死亡的主要间接原因之一，且易于预防，我们的研究结果具有重要的公共卫生意义，或许可用于权威机构的循证决策。
