Department of Health Education and Promotion, Public Health School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of medical sciences, Saveh, Iran.
J Prev Med Hyg. 2022 Apr 26;63(1):E12-E18. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.1.2063. eCollection 2022 Mar.
The COVID-19 pandemic has become a grave threat to public health. Along with vaccination, preventive behaviors are still an important part in controlling in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed to investigate health beliefs and sample characteristics associated with COVID-19 preventive health behaviors among an Iranian sample. Preventive behaviors are still an important part in controlling in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic.
This is a cross-sectional study, using a multi-stage randomized sampling method. Participants (N = 250 males and 236 females) were recruited from health centers in Saveh, Iran. Self-administered questionnaires included sociodemographic information, health behaviors, and constructs associated with the Health Beliefs Model (HBM). Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, analysis of variance, and multiple regression with significance level set at α ≤ 0.05.
Perceived disease susceptibility (β = 0.44, P< 0.001), self-efficacy to enact preventative behaviors (β = 0.24, P < 0.01), education (β = 0.20, P < 0.001), non-smoking status (β = 0.14, P < 0.01), marital status (β = 0.10, P < 0.03), and perceived barriers to disease preventative behaviors (β = -0.10, P < 0.04) were important predictors of prevention practices for COVID-19, and accounted for 61.4% (adjusted R) of the variance associated with preventive behavior for COVID-19.
As there is accepted therapy for COVID-19, it is especially important to control COVID-19 through behavior change. Results indicate that two behavioral constructs that have the most impact on prevention are perceived disease susceptibility and self-efficacy. Therefore, public health initiatives are needed to enhance perceived susceptibility to the disease and improve self-efficacy to perform preventative behaviors in spite of perceived barriers.
COVID-19 大流行已对公共卫生构成严重威胁。除了接种疫苗，预防行为仍然是控制 COVID-19 大流行的重要组成部分。本研究旨在调查伊朗样本中与 COVID-19 预防保健行为相关的健康信念和样本特征。预防行为仍然是控制 COVID-19 大流行的重要组成部分。
这是一项横断面研究，使用多阶段随机抽样方法。参与者（N=250 名男性和 236 名女性）是从伊朗萨维赫的卫生中心招募的。自我管理的问卷包括社会人口统计学信息、健康行为以及与健康信念模型（HBM）相关的结构。使用独立 t 检验、方差分析和多重回归分析数据，显著性水平设置为α≤0.05。
疾病易感性感知（β=0.44，P<0.001）、实施预防行为的自我效能感（β=0.24，P<0.01）、教育程度（β=0.20，P<0.001）、不吸烟状况（β=0.14，P<0.01）、婚姻状况（β=0.10，P<0.03）和疾病预防行为感知障碍（β=-0.10，P<0.04）是 COVID-19 预防措施的重要预测因素，占 COVID-19 预防行为相关方差的 61.4%（调整 R）。
由于 COVID-19 有公认的治疗方法，因此通过行为改变控制 COVID-19 尤为重要。结果表明，对预防行为影响最大的两个行为结构是疾病易感性感知和自我效能感。因此，需要开展公共卫生举措，增强对疾病的易感性认知，提高实施预防行为的自我效能感，克服感知障碍。
