基于健康信念模式（HBM）的营养教育对阿富汗移民孕妇食物摄入的影响：一项半实验研究。
The effect of nutrition education based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on food intake in pregnant Afghan immigrant women: a semi-experimental study.
机构信息
Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
出版信息
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2024 Oct 25;24(1):700. doi: 10.1186/s12884-024-06728-0.
BACKGROUND
According to the World Health Organization report, immigrants are at increased risk of malnutrition. Nutritional deficiencies in pregnancy are a public health concern and around 20 to 30 percent of pregnant women suffer from it worldwide. There has not been any investigation about the effect of any intervention on improving nutritional intake in pregnant Afghan immigrant women. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of nutrition education based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on food intake in pregnant Afghan immigrant women.
METHODS
A semi-experimental study study was conducted on 116 Afghan immigrant pregnant women who have the inclusion criteria, were referred to health center No. 2 in Mashhad, Iran in June 2022 until February 2023, and were randomly assigned to the intervention (56) and control (56) groups. The demographic, HBM questionnaire and the standard 24-h food reminder questionnaire were the research tools. The intervention consisted of four sessions of 45-60 min of nutrition education based on the Health Belief Model in groups of 8-10 people. The questionnaires were completed before, immediately, and one month after the intervention by the research units. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 21 software.
RESULTS
The intake of energy, protein, carbohydrates, and micronutrients such as iron, calcium, zinc, and vitamin D increased in the intervention group immediately and one month after the intervention significantly compared to before the intervention (P < 0.05). Although all these nutrients intake had a significant decrease in control group women (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Nutrition education based on the health belief model is effective in the nutritional intake of Afghan immigrant pregnant women. According to the importance of getting enough nutrients in pregnancy and its effects on the mother and fetus's health, nutrition education based on the Health Belief Model model is suggested for these mothers.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
It is registered in the Iranian clinical trials database under the code: IRCT20220629055312N1, Date of first registration: 25/07/2022.
背景
根据世界卫生组织的报告，移民患营养不良的风险增加。妊娠期间的营养缺乏是一个公共卫生关注点，全球约有 20%至 30%的孕妇患有这种情况。目前还没有任何研究调查任何干预措施对改善阿富汗移民孕妇营养摄入的效果。因此，本研究旨在确定基于健康信念模型（HBM）的营养教育对阿富汗移民孕妇食物摄入的影响。
方法
本研究为半实验研究，共纳入了 116 名符合条件的阿富汗移民孕妇，她们于 2022 年 6 月至 2023 年 2 月被转诊至伊朗马什哈德 2 号卫生中心，并被随机分为干预组（56 名）和对照组（56 名）。研究工具包括人口统计学资料、HBM 问卷和标准 24 小时食物提醒问卷。干预措施包括 4 次 45-60 分钟的小组营养教育，基于健康信念模型，每组 8-10 人。研究单位在干预前、干预即刻和干预后 1 个月完成问卷。使用 SPSS 版本 21 软件进行数据分析。
结果
干预组孕妇的能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物以及铁、钙、锌和维生素 D 等微量营养素的摄入量在干预即刻和干预后 1 个月显著增加，与干预前相比（P<0.05）。尽管对照组孕妇所有这些营养素的摄入量均显著下降（P<0.05）。
结论
基于健康信念模型的营养教育对阿富汗移民孕妇的营养摄入有效。鉴于妊娠期间获得足够营养的重要性及其对母婴健康的影响，建议对这些母亲进行基于健康信念模型的营养教育。
试验注册
本研究已在伊朗临床试验数据库中注册，注册号为：IRCT20220629055312N1，首次注册日期：2022 年 7 月 25 日。
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