Ratajczak Mariusz Z, Ratajczak Janina, Suszynska Malwina, Miller Donald M, Kucia Magda, Shin Dong-Myung
From the Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Biology Program at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY (M.Z.R., J.R., M.S., D.M.M., M.K.); Department of Regenerative Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Poland (M.Z.R., M.K.); and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (D.-M.S.).
Circ Res. 2017 Jan 6;120(1):166-178. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.309362.
Evidence has accumulated that adult hematopoietic tissues and other organs contain a population of dormant stem cells (SCs) that are more primitive than other, already restricted, monopotent tissue-committed SCs (TCSCs). These observations raise several questions, such as the developmental origin of these cells, their true pluripotent or multipotent nature, which surface markers they express, how they can be efficiently isolated from adult tissues, and what role they play in the adult organism. The phenotype of these cells and expression of some genes characteristic of embryonic SCs, epiblast SCs, and primordial germ cells suggests their early-embryonic deposition in developing tissues as precursors of adult SCs. In this review, we will critically discuss all these questions and the concept that small dormant SCs related to migratory primordial germ cells, described as very small embryonic-like SCs, are deposited during embryogenesis in bone marrow and other organs as a backup population for adult tissue-committed SCs and are involved in several processes related to tissue or organ rejuvenation, aging, and cancerogenesis. The most recent results on successful ex vivo expansion of human very small embryonic-like SC in chemically defined media free from feeder-layer cells open up new and exciting possibilities for their application in regenerative medicine.
越来越多的证据表明，成体造血组织和其他器官中存在一群休眠干细胞（SCs），它们比其他已受限的单能组织定向干细胞（TCSCs）更为原始。这些观察结果引发了几个问题，比如这些细胞的发育起源、它们真正的多能或全能性质、它们表达哪些表面标志物、如何从成体组织中高效分离它们，以及它们在成体生物体中发挥什么作用。这些细胞的表型以及一些胚胎干细胞、上胚层干细胞和原始生殖细胞特征性基因的表达表明，它们在胚胎发育早期作为成体干细胞的前体沉积在发育中的组织中。在这篇综述中，我们将批判性地讨论所有这些问题，以及与迁移性原始生殖细胞相关的小休眠干细胞（被描述为非常小的胚胎样干细胞）在胚胎发生过程中作为成体组织定向干细胞的备用群体沉积在骨髓和其他器官中，并参与与组织或器官再生、衰老和癌症发生相关的几个过程这一概念。在无饲养层细胞的化学限定培养基中成功体外扩增人非常小的胚胎样干细胞的最新结果为它们在再生医学中的应用开辟了新的、令人兴奋的可能性。
