Yang Yang, Tang Bei-Sha, Guo Ji-Feng
Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
Parkinsons Dis. 2016;2016:6734678. doi: 10.1155/2016/6734678. Epub 2016 Dec 12.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease primarily characterized by the hallmarks of motor symptoms, such as tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. However, through clinical investigations in patients and experimental findings in animal models of Parkinson's disease for years, it is now well recognized that Parkinson's disease is more than just a motor-deficit disorder. The majority of Parkinson's disease patients suffer from nonmotor disabilities, for instance, cognitive impairment, autonomic dysfunction, sensory dysfunction, and sleep disorder. So far, anti-PD prescriptions and surgical treatments have been mainly focusing on motor dysfunctions, leaving cognitive impairment a marginal clinical field. Within the nonmotor symptoms, cognitive impairment is one of the most common and significant aspects of Parkinson's disease, and cognitive deficits such as dysexecutive syndrome and visuospatial disturbances could seriously affect the quality of life, reduce life expectancy, prolong the duration of hospitalization, and therefore increase burdens of caregiver and medical costs. In this review, we have done a retrospective study of the recent related researches on epidemiology, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, genetics, and potential treatment of cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease, aiming to provide a summary of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease and make it easy for clinicians to tackle this challenging issue in their future practice.
帕金森病（PD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，主要特征为运动症状，如震颤、运动迟缓、僵硬和姿势不稳。然而，通过多年来对帕金森病患者的临床研究以及帕金森病动物模型的实验发现，现在人们已经充分认识到帕金森病不仅仅是一种运动功能障碍疾病。大多数帕金森病患者还存在非运动功能障碍，例如认知障碍、自主神经功能障碍、感觉功能障碍和睡眠障碍。到目前为止，抗帕金森病药物治疗和手术治疗主要集中在运动功能障碍方面，使得认知障碍成为一个边缘临床领域。在非运动症状中，认知障碍是帕金森病最常见且最重要的方面之一，诸如执行功能障碍和视觉空间障碍等认知缺陷会严重影响生活质量、缩短预期寿命、延长住院时间，进而增加护理人员的负担和医疗成本。在本综述中，我们对帕金森病认知缺陷的流行病学、临床表现与诊断、遗传学以及潜在治疗方法的近期相关研究进行了回顾性研究，旨在总结帕金森病中的认知障碍情况，以便临床医生在未来的实践中更容易应对这一具有挑战性的问题。
