Song Xi, Mare Robert D
Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, 1126 E 59th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
Department of Sociology, University of California-Los Angeles, 264 Haines Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Demography. 2017 Feb;54(1):145-173. doi: 10.1007/s13524-016-0540-4.
We use a multigenerational perspective to investigate how families reproduce and pass their educational advantages to succeeding generations. Unlike traditional mobility studies that have typically focused on one-sex influences from fathers to sons, we rely on a two-sex approach that accounts for interactions between males and females-the process in which males and females mate and have children with those of similar educational statuses and jointly determine the educational status attainment of their offspring. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we approach this issue from both a short-term and a long-term perspective. For the short term, grandparents' educational attainments have a direct association with grandchildren's education as well as an indirect association that is mediated by parents' education and demographic behaviors. For the long term, initial educational advantages of families may benefit as many as three subsequent generations, but such advantages are later offset by the lower fertility of highly educated persons. Yet, all families eventually achieve the same educational distribution of descendants because of intermarriages between families of high- and low-education origin.
我们采用多代视角来研究家庭如何复制并将其教育优势传递给后代。与传统流动性研究通常关注父亲对儿子的单性影响不同，我们采用双性方法，该方法考虑了男性与女性之间的互动——即男性和女性与教育地位相似的人交配并生育子女，共同决定其后代教育地位获得的过程。利用收入动态面板研究的数据，我们从短期和长期两个角度来探讨这个问题。短期内，祖父母的教育成就与孙辈的教育有直接关联，同时也有通过父母教育和人口行为介导的间接关联。从长期来看，家庭最初的教育优势可能惠及多达三代后人，但这种优势后来会因高学历者较低的生育率而被抵消。然而，由于高学历家庭和低学历家庭之间的通婚，所有家庭最终在后代教育分布上会趋于相同。
