Sacks Gordon S
1 Department of Pharmacy Practice, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.
JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2017 Feb;41(2):217-225. doi: 10.1177/0148607116685049. Epub 2017 Jan 5.
The quantity of formalized nutrition education is shrinking in curricula of health professions, such as physicians, nurses, dietitians, and pharmacists. The current nutrition education being taught in U.S. schools of healthcare professionals does not appropriately prepare students for identification of patients at nutrition risk or management of undernourished hospitalized patients with specialized nutrition therapies. In U.S. schools of pharmacy, parenteral nutrition is considered a highly specialized and advanced practice so little time is devoted to this area and more attention is focused on chronic disease state management (ie, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and congestive heart failure). Nutrition support fellowships for physicians and nutrition support residency programs for pharmacists have dwindled in number over the years so that only a handful of these healthcare professionals are produced each year from the remaining formalized programs. Physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and dietitians can positively affect patient care, but each profession must first determine how best to integrate basic and applied nutrition concepts into their professional curricula and training programs. There must also be consensus among the healthcare professions as to the depth of nutrition education and the stage of training at which these integrations should occur. Only by having these crucial conversations among all disciplines will we be able to develop new strategies to expand nutrition education in the training of future medical practitioners.
在诸如医生、护士、营养师和药剂师等健康专业的课程中，规范化营养教育的数量正在减少。美国医疗保健专业院校目前所教授的营养教育，并不能让学生充分准备好去识别有营养风险的患者，或采用专门的营养疗法来管理营养不良的住院患者。在美国药学院校，肠外营养被视为一种高度专业化的高级实践，因此在这一领域投入的时间很少，更多的注意力集中在慢性病状态管理（如高血压、糖尿病和充血性心力衰竭）上。多年来，医生的营养支持奖学金项目和药剂师的营养支持住院医师项目数量都在减少，以至于每年从剩下的规范化项目中培养出来的这类医疗保健专业人员寥寥无几。医生、护士、药剂师和营养师都能对患者护理产生积极影响，但每个专业都必须首先确定如何最好地将基础和应用营养概念融入其专业课程和培训项目中。医疗保健专业之间还必须就营养教育的深度以及这些整合应在培训的哪个阶段进行达成共识。只有通过所有学科之间进行这些至关重要的对话，我们才能制定新的策略，以在未来医学从业者的培训中扩大营养教育。
