Strazzieri-Pulido Kelly Cristina, Peres Giovana Ribau Picolo, Campanili Ticiane Carolina Gonçalves Faustino, de Gouveia Santos Vera Lúcia Conceição
Kelly Cristina Strazzieri-Pulido, PhD, ETN, Graduate Program in Adult Health Nursing, University of São Paulo School of Nursing (PROESA-EEUSP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Giovana Ribau Picolo Peres, MSN, ETN, São Camilo Hospital, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Ticiane Carolina Gonçalves Faustino Campanili, MSN, ETN, University of São Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Vera Lúcia Conceição de Gouveia Santos, PhD, CETN (TiSOBEST), Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, University of São Paulo School of Nursing (EE-USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2017 Jan/Feb;44(1):29-33. doi: 10.1097/WON.0000000000000288.
Skin tears are traumatic wounds resulting from friction and shearing forces. Clinical practice strongly indicates that skin tears are a prevalent problem but their incidence is not well established in the literature. This systematic literature review identified and evaluated the available literature on the incidence and risk factors for skin tears in adults and the elderly. Inclusion criteria were epidemiological studies published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese languages from January 1990 through June 2014 and available in full text. Study quality was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement and the Guidelines for Critically Appraising Studies of Prevalence or Incidence of a Health Problem. Five studies reporting incidence of skin tears met the selection criteria. Reported incidence rates of skin tears ranged from 2.23% to 92% in long-term care facilities and varied from 2.1% among men to 4.6% among women living in the community. The most prevalent risk factor for skin tears was old age, followed by impaired mobility, falls and accidental injuries, previous skin tears, cognitive deficit/dementia, dependence in transfers, and upper limbs. Further epidemiological studies on skin tears are necessary to elucidate the cause of these injuries and identify the profile of people at risk for skin tears, contributing to the development and implementation of appropriate preventive interventions.
皮肤撕裂伤是由摩擦和剪切力导致的创伤性伤口。临床实践有力地表明，皮肤撕裂伤是一个普遍存在的问题，但在文献中其发生率尚未得到充分证实。本系统文献综述识别并评估了关于成人及老年人皮肤撕裂伤发生率和危险因素的现有文献。纳入标准为1990年1月至2014年6月期间以英文、西班牙文或葡萄牙文发表且可获取全文的流行病学研究。使用《加强流行病学观察性研究报告规范》（STROBE）声明以及《健康问题患病率或发病率批判性评价研究指南》对研究质量进行评估。五项报告皮肤撕裂伤发生率的研究符合入选标准。长期护理机构中报告的皮肤撕裂伤发生率在2.23%至92%之间，社区中男性的发生率为2.1%，女性为4.6%。皮肤撕裂伤最常见的危险因素是高龄，其次是行动能力受损、跌倒和意外伤害、既往皮肤撕裂伤、认知缺陷/痴呆、转移依赖以及上肢因素。有必要开展关于皮肤撕裂伤的进一步流行病学研究，以阐明这些损伤的原因，并确定皮肤撕裂伤高危人群的特征，从而有助于制定和实施适当的预防干预措施。
