零重力抛物线飞行中晕动病的患病率、预测因素及预防

Prevalence, Predictors, and Prevention of Motion Sickness in Zero-G Parabolic Flights.

作者信息

Golding John F, Paillard Aurore C, Normand Hervé, Besnard Stéphane, Denise Pierre

出版信息

Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017 Jan 1;88(1):3-9. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.4705.2017.

DOI:10.3357/AMHP.4705.2017

PMID:28061915

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Zero-G parabolic flight reproduces the weightlessness of space for short periods. However, motion sickness may affect some fliers. The aim was to assess the extent of this problem and to find possible predictors and modifying factors.

METHODS

Airbus zero-G flights consist of 31 parabolas performed in blocks. Each parabola consisted of 20 s of 0 g sandwiched by 20 s of hypergravity of 1.5-1.8 g. The survey covered N = 246 person-flights (193 men, 53 women), ages (M ± SD) 36.0 ± 11.3 yr. An anonymous questionnaire included motion sickness rating (1 = OK to 6 = vomiting), Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire (MSSQ), antimotion sickness medication, prior zero-G experience, anxiety level, and other characteristics.

RESULTS

Participants had lower MSSQ percentile scores (27.4 ± 28.0) than the population norm of 50. Motion sickness was experienced by 33% and 12% vomited. Less motion sickness was predicted by older age, greater prior zero-G flight experience, medication with scopolamine, lower MSSQ scores, but not gender or anxiety. Sickness ratings in fliers pretreated with scopolamine (1.81 ± 1.58) were lower than for nonmedicated fliers (2.93 ± 2.16), and incidence of vomiting in fliers using scopolamine treatment was reduced by half to a third. Possible confounding factors including age, sex, flight experience, and MSSQ could not account for this.

CONCLUSION

Motion sickness affected one-third of zero-G fliers despite being intrinsically less motion sickness susceptible compared to the general population. Susceptible individuals probably try to avoid such a provocative environment. Risk factors for motion sickness included younger age and higher MSSQ scores. Protective factors included prior zero-G flight experience (habituation) and antimotion sickness medication.Golding JF, Paillard AC, Normand H, Besnard S, Denise P. Prevalence, predictors, and prevention of motion sickness in zero-G parabolic flights. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(1):3-9.

摘要

引言

零重力抛物线飞行可在短时间内再现太空失重状态。然而，晕动病可能会影响一些飞行者。本研究旨在评估这一问题的严重程度，并找出可能的预测因素和调节因素。

方法

空客零重力飞行由分批次进行的31次抛物线飞行组成。每次抛物线飞行包括20秒的零重力时段，两侧各夹着20秒1.5至1.8倍重力的超重时段。该调查涵盖了N = 246人次飞行（193名男性，53名女性），年龄（M ± SD）为36.0 ± 11.3岁。一份匿名问卷包括晕动病评分（1 = 无不适至6 = 呕吐）、晕动病易感性问卷（MSSQ）、抗晕动病药物使用情况、既往零重力飞行经历、焦虑水平及其他特征。

结果

参与者的MSSQ百分位数得分（27.4 ± 28.0）低于人群平均水平50。33%的人经历了晕动病，12%的人呕吐。年龄较大、既往零重力飞行经验更丰富、使用东莨菪碱药物、MSSQ得分较低的人晕动病发生率较低，但性别和焦虑水平与晕动病无关。使用东莨菪碱预处理的飞行者的晕动病评分（1.81 ± 1.58）低于未用药的飞行者（2.93 ± 2.16），使用东莨菪碱治疗的飞行者呕吐发生率降低了一半至三分之一。年龄、性别、飞行经验和MSSQ等可能的混杂因素无法解释这一现象。

结论

尽管与普通人群相比，零重力飞行者本身晕动病易感性较低，但仍有三分之一的人受到晕动病影响。易感个体可能会尽量避免这种诱发环境。晕动病的危险因素包括年龄较小和MSSQ得分较高。保护因素包括既往零重力飞行经验（适应）和抗晕动病药物。戈尔丁JF，帕利亚德AC，诺曼德H，贝纳尔S，丹妮丝P。零重力抛物线飞行中晕动病的发生率、预测因素及预防。航空航天医学与人类表现。2017；88(1):3 - 9。