Hubac M, Strelka F, Borský I, Hubacová L
Ergonomics. 1989 Jul;32(7):733-50. doi: 10.1080/00140138908966839.
A new method was elaborated for the evaluation of work-heat load. Two indices of heat stress were introduced, the so-called 'climatic heat'--Hcl (a sum of convective, radiation, respiration and maximum evaporation heat), and the 'total heat'--Htot (a sum of metabolic and climatic heat). It is an adapted thermal balance equation in which the evaporation heat was replaced with maximum evaporation heat. This enabled the quantification of climatic load also in the normothermic region, where stored heat S=0. The applicability of these indices is given by the fact that so-called heat heart rate (HRh) is in good correlation with them. The above mentioned indices were used in the relative values of the 'quotient of heat stress' (Qdif,H) and of the 'grade of heat strain' (Gdif,H). These variables are basically a relation between real load and 'permissible' load to which a healthy adult male can be exposed for 8 h without an increase in his body temperature. In this paper, equations for calculation of those relative values according to heat stress indices are introduced. The relative indices show how many times is the real HRh larger (or smaller) than its permissible value (= 20 min(-1)). By joining the relative heat stress indices with the relative work load indices (Qdif,W and Gdif,W, respectively) the index of work-heat load is obtained. The permissible work heart rate (= 30 min(-1)), which corresponds with the energetic output in males (approximately 250 W). The work-heat strain grade (Gdif,WH) can be used for the quantification of load, for the determination of the rest allowance, of the necessary recovery time and for the determination of a suitable regime of work and rest in general. The permissible values of climatic elements under a given physical load, and the admissible duration of exposure under different climatic conditions and different muscle load intensities can be determined.
阐述了一种评估工作热负荷的新方法。引入了两个热应激指标，即所谓的“气候热”——Hcl（对流、辐射、呼吸和最大蒸发热之和）和“总热”——Htot（代谢热和气候热之和）。这是一个经过调整的热平衡方程，其中蒸发热被最大蒸发热所取代。这使得在体温正常区域（储存热S = 0）也能够对气候负荷进行量化。这些指标的适用性在于所谓的热心率（HRh）与它们具有良好的相关性。上述指标用于“热应激商”（Qdif,H）和“热应变等级”（Gdif,H）的相对值。这些变量基本上是实际负荷与健康成年男性在不使体温升高的情况下可暴露8小时的“允许”负荷之间的关系。本文介绍了根据热应激指标计算这些相对值的方程。相对指标显示实际HRh比其允许值（= 20次/分钟）大（或小）多少倍。通过将相对热应激指标与相对工作负荷指标（分别为Qdif,W和Gdif,W）相结合，可得到工作热负荷指标。允许的工作心率（= 30次/分钟），这与男性的能量输出相对应（约250瓦）。工作热应变等级（Gdif,WH）可用于负荷量化、确定休息时间、确定必要的恢复时间以及一般确定合适的工作和休息制度。可以确定给定身体负荷下气候要素的允许值，以及在不同气候条件和不同肌肉负荷强度下允许的暴露持续时间。
