Fuchs Thomas, Van Duppen Zeno
Section Phenomenological Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Department, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Psychopathology. 2017;50(1):68-74. doi: 10.1159/000452768. Epub 2017 Jan 7.
Temporality and its disturbances have been a major topic of phenomenological psychopathology. Particularly Minkowski, Kimura, and Blankenburg described the temporal dimension of schizophrenia. After a brief introduction to their ideas, we describe more recent approaches to temporality in more depth. To this aim, we first distinguish between implicit and explicit time. Implicit time is based on the constitutive synthesis of inner time consciousness on the one hand, and on the conative-affective dynamics of life on the other. Explicit or conscious time experience arises with an interruption or negation of implicit time, and it unfolds itself in the dimensions of present, past, and future. Implicit time is based on a fluid and tacit bodily functioning and on affective synchronization with others, while explicit time arises through states of desynchronization, for example through retardation or acceleration of subjective time in relation to the social sphere. We clarify how a disturbance in temporality can lead to major symptoms of schizophrenia, such as thought disorders, hallucinations, or passivity experiences, and then consider the role of explicit temporal disturbances in schizophrenia.
时间性及其紊乱一直是现象学精神病理学的一个主要话题。特别是明可夫斯基、木村和布兰肯伯格描述了精神分裂症的时间维度。在简要介绍他们的观点之后，我们将更深入地描述时间性的最新研究方法。为此，我们首先区分隐式时间和显式时间。隐式时间一方面基于内在时间意识的构成性综合，另一方面基于生命的意动 - 情感动力学。显式或有意识的时间体验随着隐式时间的中断或否定而产生，并在当下、过去和未来的维度中展开。隐式时间基于流畅且隐性的身体功能以及与他人的情感同步，而显式时间则通过去同步状态产生，例如通过相对于社会领域的主观时间延迟或加速。我们阐明了时间性紊乱如何导致精神分裂症的主要症状，如思维障碍、幻觉或被动体验，然后考虑显式时间紊乱在精神分裂症中的作用。
