Juckel Georg, Steinfath Holmer, Mavrogiorgou Paraskevi
Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Präventivmedizin, LWL-Universitätsklinikum, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 1, 44791, Bochum, Deutschland.
Philosophisches Seminar, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland.
Nervenarzt. 2022 Jan;93(1):68-76. doi: 10.1007/s00115-020-01047-z. Epub 2021 Jan 5.
Experience of time is a field of only little research in psychiatry which is and was often induced by philosophers interested in the human existence in time. This review article underlines the importance to differentiate between several forms of time experience. With respect to current knowledge, there are disturbances of time experience in the sense of knowledge about basal temporal relations only in organic brain disorders, while objective time perception was found to be changed in patients with schizophrenia, but less in those with depression. In contrast, the subjective time feeling seems to be disturbed in several psychiatric diseases. Up to now, however, it is still unclear how especially the subjective time feeling as a psychopathological alteration could be best scientifically investigated, without focusing only on the phenomenological single case level. Therefore, time experience should be studied at different levels of time perception and time feeling in mental disorders combined also with modern neurobiological methods, such as EEG and fMRI, in order to clarify in which specific way changed time experience is present in mentally ill patients and how this could be relevant for the pathophysiology of these illnesses.
时间体验在精神病学中是一个研究较少的领域，过去和现在常常受到关注人类在时间中存在的哲学家的推动。这篇综述文章强调了区分几种时间体验形式的重要性。就目前的知识而言，只有在器质性脑疾病中才存在关于基本时间关系知识意义上的时间体验障碍，而在精神分裂症患者中发现客观时间感知发生了变化，在抑郁症患者中变化较小。相比之下，主观时间感受似乎在几种精神疾病中受到干扰。然而，到目前为止，仍然不清楚如何在不局限于现象学个案层面的情况下，最好地对作为一种精神病理改变的主观时间感受进行科学研究。因此，应该在精神障碍的时间感知和时间感受的不同层面上研究时间体验，并结合现代神经生物学方法，如脑电图和功能磁共振成像，以阐明精神疾病患者中时间体验是以何种特定方式发生变化的，以及这与这些疾病的病理生理学有何关联。
