Pienkos Elizabeth, Sass Louis
University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, USA.
Psychopathology. 2017;50(1):83-89. doi: 10.1159/000455195. Epub 2017 Feb 15.
Anomalies of language use and comprehension are common in schizophrenia. However, they are typically studied only from a diagnostic or behavioral perspective and viewed simply as deficits or disruptions of normal functioning. Such approaches ignore what it is like to experience language, and thus are at risk of missing aspects of these linguistic anomalies that may be crucial for understanding them. The Examination of Anomalous World Experience (EAWE) provides one way to inquire into the experiential changes related to and underlying these disturbances. This paper offers a summary of a number of theoretical and clinical works that informed the development of EAWE Domain 4, Language, to better contextualize and elaborate on the items that make up this domain. The forms of anomalous linguistic experience included in the EAWE can be generally classified into four groups: (1) Diminished interpersonal orientation, (2) Dissociation between language and experience, (3) Shifts of attention and context-relevance, and (4) Unusual attitudes toward language. We suggest that these kinds of experiential changes indicate a far richer and more complex relationship to language than that suggested by standard deficit models and theories. We hope that by considering and inquiring about the subjective experience of language, researchers and clinicians may develop a greater awareness of and appreciation for the variety of language-related experiences in schizophrenia.
语言使用和理解异常在精神分裂症中很常见。然而，人们通常仅从诊断或行为角度对其进行研究，并且仅仅将其视为正常功能的缺陷或干扰。此类方法忽略了体验语言的感受，因此有可能遗漏这些语言异常中对于理解它们可能至关重要的方面。异常世界体验检查（EAWE）提供了一种探究与这些障碍相关并构成其基础的体验变化的方法。本文总结了一些为EAWE第4领域“语言”的发展提供信息的理论和临床著作，以便更好地将构成该领域的项目置于情境中并进行阐述。EAWE中包含的异常语言体验形式通常可分为四类：（1）人际取向减弱，（2）语言与体验脱节，（3）注意力转移和情境相关性变化，以及（4）对语言的异常态度。我们认为，与标准缺陷模型和理论所表明的相比，这些体验变化表明与语言的关系要丰富和复杂得多。我们希望，通过考虑和探究语言的主观体验，研究人员和临床医生可能会对精神分裂症中各种与语言相关的体验有更深入的认识和理解。
