Lauritzen L, Eriksen S E, Hjorth M F, Nielsen M S, Olsen S F, Stark K D, Michaelsen K F, Damsgaard C T
1Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports,University of Copenhagen,1958 C Frederiksberg,Denmark.
3SSI,2300 S Copenhagen,Denmark.
Br J Nutr. 2016 Dec;116(12):2082-2090. doi: 10.1017/S0007114516004293. Epub 2017 Jan 9.
Dietary long-chain n-3 PUFA (n-3 LCPUFA) in infancy may have long-term effects on lifestyle disease risk. The present follow-up study investigated whether maternal fish oil (FO) supplementation during lactation affected growth and blood pressure in adolescents and whether the effects differed between boys and girls. Mother-infant pairs (n 103) completed a randomised controlled trial with FO (1·5 g/d n-3 LCPUFA) or olive oil (OO) supplements during the first 4 months of lactation; forty-seven mother-infant pairs with high fish intake were followed-up for 4 months as the reference group. We also followed-up 100 children with assessment of growth, blood pressure, diet by FFQ and physical activity by 7-d accelerometry at 13·5 (sd 0·4) years of age. Dried whole-blood fatty acid composition was analysed in a subgroup (n 49). At 13 years of age, whole-blood n-3 LCPUFA, diet, physical activity and body composition did not differ between the three groups. The children from the FO group were 3·4 (95 % CI 0·2, 6·6) cm shorter (P=0·035) than those from the OO group, and tended to have less advanced puberty (P=0·068), which explained the difference in height. There was a sex-specific effect on diastolic blood pressure (P sex×group=0·020), which was driven by a 3·9 (95 % CI 0·2, 7·5) mmHg higher diastolic blood pressure in the FO compared with the OO group among boys only (P=0·041). Our results indicate that early n-3 LCPUFA intake may reduce height in early adolescence due to a delay in pubertal maturation and increase blood pressure specifically in boys, thereby tending to counteract existing sex differences.
婴儿期的膳食长链 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 LCPUFA）可能对生活方式疾病风险产生长期影响。本随访研究调查了哺乳期母亲补充鱼油（FO）是否会影响青少年的生长和血压，以及男孩和女孩之间的影响是否存在差异。母婴对（n = 103）完成了一项随机对照试验，在哺乳期的前 4 个月补充 FO（1.5 g/d n-3 LCPUFA）或橄榄油（OO）；47 对高鱼类摄入量的母婴对作为参照组进行了 4 个月的随访。我们还对 100 名儿童进行了随访，在 13.5（标准差 0.4）岁时评估生长、血压、通过食物频率问卷评估饮食以及通过 7 天加速度计评估身体活动。对一个亚组（n = 49）分析了全血脂肪酸组成。在 13 岁时，三组之间的全血 n-3 LCPUFA、饮食、身体活动和身体成分没有差异。FO 组的儿童比 OO 组的儿童矮 3.4（95% CI 0.2, 6.6）厘米（P = 0.035），并且青春期发育程度往往较低（P = 0.068），这解释了身高差异。在舒张压方面存在性别特异性效应（P 性别×组 = 0.020），这是由于仅在男孩中，FO 组的舒张压比 OO 组高 3.9（95% CI 0.2, 7.5）mmHg（P = 0.041）。我们的结果表明，早期摄入 n-3 LCPUFA 可能由于青春期成熟延迟而降低青春期早期的身高，并特别增加男孩的血压，从而倾向于抵消现有的性别差异。
