McGinty Emma E, Tung Gregory, Shulman-Laniel Juliana, Hardy Rose, Rutkow Lainie, Frattaroli Shannon, Vernick Jon S
Center for Injury Research and Policy and Center for Mental Health and Addiction Policy Research, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Department of Health Systems, Management and Policy, Program for Injury Prevention, Education and Research (PIPER), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado.
Am J Prev Med. 2017 Apr;52(4):417-423. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.10.043. Epub 2017 Jan 5.
Alcohol-involved motor vehicle crashes are a major cause of preventable mortality in the U.S., leading to more than 10,000 fatalities in 2013. Ignition interlocks, or alcohol-sensing devices connected to a vehicle's ignition to prevent it from starting if a driver has a predetermined blood alcohol content (BAC) level, are a promising avenue for preventing alcohol-involved driving. This study sought to assess the effects of laws requiring ignition interlocks for some or all drunk driving offenders on alcohol-involved fatal crashes.
A multilevel modeling approach assessed the effects of state interlock laws on alcohol-involved fatal crashes in the U.S. from 1982 to 2013. Monthly data on alcohol-involved crashes in each of the 50 states was collected in 2014 from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Fatality Analysis Reporting System. Random-intercept models accounted for between-state variation in alcohol-involved fatal crash rates and autocorrelation of within-state crash rates over time. Analysis was conducted in 2015.
State laws requiring interlocks for all drunk driving offenders were associated with a 7% decrease in the rate of BAC >0.08 fatal crashes and an 8% decrease in the rate of BAC ≥0.15 fatal crashes, translating into an estimated 1,250 prevented BAC >0.08 fatal crashes. Laws requiring interlocks for segments of high-risk drunk driving offenders, such as repeat offenders, may reduce alcohol-involved fatal crashes after 2 years of implementation.
Ignition interlock laws reduce alcohol-involved fatal crashes. Increasing the spread of interlock laws that are mandatory for all offenders would have significant public health benefit.
涉及酒精的机动车撞车事故是美国可预防死亡的主要原因，2013年导致超过10000人死亡。点火联锁装置，即连接到车辆点火系统的酒精感应装置，若驾驶员血液酒精含量（BAC）达到预定水平则阻止车辆启动，是预防酒后驾车的一个有前景的途径。本研究旨在评估要求部分或所有醉酒驾驶罪犯安装点火联锁装置的法律对涉及酒精的致命撞车事故的影响。
采用多层次建模方法评估1982年至2013年美国各州联锁法律对涉及酒精的致命撞车事故的影响。2014年从国家公路交通安全管理局死亡分析报告系统收集了50个州中每个州每月涉及酒精的撞车事故数据。随机截距模型考虑了各州涉及酒精的致命撞车事故率的州间差异以及州内撞车事故率随时间的自相关性。分析于2015年进行。
要求所有醉酒驾驶罪犯安装联锁装置的州法律与BAC>0.08致命撞车事故率下降7%以及BAC≥0.15致命撞车事故率下降8%相关，这意味着估计可预防1250起BAC>0.08致命撞车事故。要求对高危醉酒驾驶罪犯群体（如累犯）安装联锁装置的法律在实施2年后可能会减少涉及酒精的致命撞车事故。
点火联锁法律可减少涉及酒精的致命撞车事故。扩大对所有罪犯强制实施的联锁法律的普及将带来重大公共卫生益处。
