从因酒后驾车被捕前到酒精锁移除后的饮酒和酒后驾车结果的变化。
Changes in Alcohol Use and Drinking and Driving Outcomes From Before Arrest for Driving Under the Influence to After Interlock Removal.
机构信息
Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland, USA.
University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, New York, New York, USA.
出版信息
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2021 Apr;45(4):743-751. doi: 10.1111/acer.14558. Epub 2021 Mar 12.
BACKGROUND
Half of the offenders convicted of impaired driving in the United States are sentenced to install alcohol ignition interlock devices (IIDs), which prevent them from starting their vehicles if they have been drinking. No research has yet explored offenders' patterns of alcohol consumption and driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) from the time before the arrest to the time period after the IID is installed. This study aims to fill that gap in knowledge.
METHODS
Using the Timeline Follow-back interview procedure, we assessed the daily drinking of 153 convicted DUI offenders' self-reported total alcohol consumption and rates of self-reported driving after drinking over 4 phases: before DUI arrest, between arrest and IID installation, during the phase on the interlock, and after the interlock is removed. Because information about behaviors in each period was not available for every participant, comparisons were made using paired-sample contrasts.
RESULTS
Compared with before the arrest, total alcohol use decreased by 50% in the 4-month phase following arrest and before IID installation, though it did not change much afterward. The frequency of drinking and driving decreased sharply after the arrest (-82%), with further decrease upon installation of the interlock (-58%, p = 0.05). The frequency of drinking and driving after the IID was removed returned to preinstallation drinking and driving status (+58%, p = 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Participants made significant adjustments to their drinking behavior by adhering to the traditional DUI driving restrictions in the postarrest phase. Although installation of an IID was not associated with a significant change in drinking, it further reduced the frequency of drinking and driving. Evaluations of the IID experience should take into account information on an individual's drinking and DUI behaviors not only before the IID was installed, but before the individual was arrested.
背景
在美国，被判犯有酒后驾车罪的罪犯中有一半被判处安装酒精点火联锁装置 (IID)，如果他们饮酒，该装置将阻止他们启动车辆。目前还没有研究从被捕前到安装 IID 后的时间段探索罪犯的饮酒和酒后驾驶 (DUI)模式。本研究旨在填补这一知识空白。
方法
使用时间线回溯访谈程序，我们评估了 153 名被判犯有 DUI 罪的罪犯的每日饮酒情况，他们自我报告的总饮酒量和酒后驾驶率，共分为 4 个阶段： DUI 被捕前、被捕到 IID 安装之间、在 IID 阶段期间和 IID 移除后。由于并非每个参与者都有关于每个时期行为的信息，因此使用配对样本对比进行了比较。
结果
与被捕前相比，被捕和 IID 安装前的 4 个月内总饮酒量减少了 50%，但此后变化不大。饮酒和开车的频率在被捕后急剧下降（-82%），在安装 IID 后进一步下降（-58%，p=0.05）。IID 移除后饮酒和开车的频率恢复到安装前的饮酒和开车状态（+58%，p=0.01）。
结论
参与者通过遵守被捕后的传统 DUI 驾驶限制，对他们的饮酒行为进行了重大调整。尽管安装 IID 与饮酒量无显著变化相关，但它进一步降低了饮酒和开车的频率。对 IID 体验的评估应考虑到有关个人饮酒和 DUI 行为的信息，不仅在安装 IID 之前，而且在个人被捕之前。
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